महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-56, verse-1

च्यवन उवाच ।
अवश्यं कथनीयं मे तवैतन्नरपुंगव ।
यदर्थं त्वाहमुच्छेत्तुं संप्राप्तो मनुजाधिप ॥१॥

1. cyavana uvāca ,
avaśyaṁ kathanīyaṁ me tavaitannarapuṁgava ,
yadarthaṁ tvāhamucchettuṁ saṁprāpto manujādhipa.

1. cyavanaḥ uvāca avaśyam kathanīyam me tava etat narapuṃgava
yat artham tvām aham ucchettum samprāptaḥ manujādhipa

1. cyavanaḥ uvāca narapuṃgava etat tava me avaśyam kathanīyam
manujādhipa yat artham aham tvām ucchettum samprāptaḥ

1. Cyavana said: 'This must certainly be recounted by me to you, O chief of men. For this very reason, O ruler of humanity, I have arrived to destroy you.'

Words meanings summery:

• च्यवनः (cyavanaḥ) - Cyavana (a proper noun)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• अवश्यम् (avaśyam) - certainly (certainly, necessarily, indispensably)

• कथनीयम् (kathanīyam) - must be recounted (to be told, to be narrated, suitable for telling)

• मे (me) - by me (by me, to me, for me)

• तव (tava) - to you (to you, for you, your)

• एतत् (etat) - this (matter) (this, this one)

• नरपुंगव (narapuṁgava) - O chief of men (O chief among men, O bull among men)

• यत् (yat) - which (purpose) (which)

• अर्थम् (artham) - purpose (for the purpose of) (purpose, object, meaning)

• त्वाम् (tvām) - you (you (accusative))

• अहम् (aham) - I

• उच्छेत्तुम् (ucchettum) - to destroy (to destroy, to extirpate, to cut off)

• सम्प्राप्तः (samprāptaḥ) - I have arrived (arrived, reached, obtained)

• मनुजाधिप (manujādhipa) - O ruler of humanity (O lord of men, O ruler of humanity)

Words meanings and morphology

च्यवनः (cyavanaḥ) - Cyavana (a proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of cyavana

cyavana - Name of a sage

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect 3rd singular

Root: vac (class 2)

अवश्यम् (avaśyam) - certainly (certainly, necessarily, indispensably)

(indeclinable)

adverbial use of neuter singular of `avaśya` (necessary)

Note: Used adverbially.

कथनीयम् (kathanīyam) - must be recounted (to be told, to be narrated, suitable for telling)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kathanīya

kathanīya - to be told, to be narrated, suitable for telling

gerundive/future passive participle

from √kath 'to tell' + anīya

Root: kath (class 10)

Note: Impersonal construction, 'it is to be told'.

मे (me) - by me (by me, to me, for me)

(pronoun)

singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Used here in the sense of agent in passive construction: 'by me'.

तव (tava) - to you (to you, for you, your)

(pronoun)

singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Used here in the sense of 'to you'.

एतत् (etat) - this (matter) (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Note: Subject of `kathanīyam`.

नरपुंगव (narapuṁgava) - O chief of men (O chief among men, O bull among men)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of narapuṃgava

narapuṁgava - chief among men, bull among men (epithet for a great man)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+puṃgava)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• puṃgava – bull; chief, best (often used as an epithet)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Addressed to Kuśika.

यत् (yat) - which (purpose) (which)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

Note: Adjectival pronoun modifying `artham`.

अर्थम् (artham) - purpose (for the purpose of) (purpose, object, meaning)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of artha

artha - aim, purpose, meaning, wealth, object

Note: Accusative singular used adverbially to indicate purpose (in `yadartham`).

त्वाम् (tvām) - you (you (accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Object of `ucchettum`.

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Subject of `samprāptaḥ`.

उच्छेत्तुम् (ucchettum) - to destroy (to destroy, to extirpate, to cut off)

(verb)

active, infinitive (tumun) of ucchid

infinitive

from √chid with prefix ut

Prefix: ud

Root: chid (class 7)

Note: Purpose infinitive.

सम्प्राप्तः (samprāptaḥ) - I have arrived (arrived, reached, obtained)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samprāpta

prāp - to reach, obtain, arrive at

past passive participle

from √āp with prefixes sam + pra

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Adjective modifying `aham`, forms the verbal predicate with 'I'.

मनुजाधिप (manujādhipa) - O ruler of humanity (O lord of men, O ruler of humanity)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of manujādhipa

manujādhipa - lord of men, king, ruler of humanity

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (manuja+adhipa)

• manuja – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
  Root: man (class 4)
• adhipa – lord, ruler, master
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: adhi

Note: Addressed to Kuśika.