महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-97, verse-4

बलेनावजितो यश्च न तं युध्येत भूमिपः ।
संवत्सरं विप्रणयेत्तस्माज्जातः पुनर्भवेत् ॥४॥

4. balenāvajito yaśca na taṁ yudhyeta bhūmipaḥ ,
saṁvatsaraṁ vipraṇayettasmājjātaḥ punarbhavet.

4. balena avajitaḥ yaḥ ca na tam yudhyeta bhūmipaḥ
saṃvatsaram vipraṇayet tasmāt jātaḥ punaḥ bhavet

4. bhūmipaḥ ca yaḥ balena avajitaḥ tam na yudhyeta
saṃvatsaram vipraṇayet tasmāt punaḥ jātaḥ bhavet

4. A king should not fight a person who has already been defeated by force. Instead, he should conciliate them for a year, for a fresh alliance or offspring might arise from that (conquered) individual.

Words meanings summery:

• बलेन (balena) - by force, by strength

• अवजितः (avajitaḥ) - conquered, defeated

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• च (ca) - and, also

• न (na) - not, no

• तम् (tam) - him, that

• युध्येत (yudhyeta) - one should fight

• भूमिपः (bhūmipaḥ) - king, ruler

• संवत्सरम् (saṁvatsaram) - for a year, throughout the year

• विप्रणयेत् (vipraṇayet) - one should treat well, conciliate, favor

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - from him, from that

• जातः (jātaḥ) - born, arisen, produced, offspring, (new state)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, anew

• भवेत् (bhavet) - may be, should be, might arise

Words meanings and morphology

बलेन (balena) - by force, by strength

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of bala

bala - force, strength, power

अवजितः (avajitaḥ) - conquered, defeated

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avajita

avajita - conquered, defeated

Past Passive Participle

From root `ji` (to conquer) with prefix `ava-`.

Prefix: ava

Root: ji (class 1)

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Relative pronoun.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

तम् (tam) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Correlative pronoun to `yaḥ`.

युध्येत (yudhyeta) - one should fight

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (vidhiliṅ) of yudh

Optative Middle

Root yudh (class 4) in optative mood, middle voice.

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: The negation `na` applies to this verb.

भूमिपः (bhūmipaḥ) - king, ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhūmipa

bhūmipa - king, ruler, lord of the earth

Compound meaning 'earth (bhūmi) protector (pa)' or 'one who protects the earth'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhūmi+pa)

• bhūmi – earth, ground, land
  noun (feminine)
• pa – protector, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  From root pā (to protect).
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Subject of `yudhyeta`.

संवत्सरम् (saṁvatsaram) - for a year, throughout the year

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃvatsara

saṁvatsara - year

Note: Denotes duration of time.

विप्रणयेत् (vipraṇayet) - one should treat well, conciliate, favor

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of vipraṇī

Optative Active

From root `nī` (to lead) with prefixes `vi-` and `pra-`. The `ṇ` indicates the root `nī` becomes `ṇī` after a prefix with `r` or `ṣ` or `ṛ`.

Prefixes: vi+pra

Root: nī (class 1)

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - from him, from that

(pronoun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the conquered person or territory.

जातः (jātaḥ) - born, arisen, produced, offspring, (new state)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jāta

jāta - born, produced, arisen, offspring

Past Passive Participle

From root `jan` (to be born, produced).

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Here acts as a noun referring to 'offspring' or 'a new state/thing'.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, anew

(indeclinable)

भवेत् (bhavet) - may be, should be, might arise

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of bhū

Optative Active

Root: bhū (class 1)