महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-97, verse-1

भीष्म उवाच ।
नाधर्मेण महीं जेतुं लिप्सेत जगतीपतिः ।
अधर्मविजयं लब्ध्वा कोऽनुमन्येत भूमिपः ॥१॥

1. bhīṣma uvāca ,
nādharmeṇa mahīṁ jetuṁ lipseta jagatīpatiḥ ,
adharmavijayaṁ labdhvā ko'numanyeta bhūmipaḥ.

1. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca na adharmeṇa mahīm jetum lipseta
jagatīpatiḥ adharmavijayam labdhvā kaḥ anumanyeta bhūmipaḥ

1. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca jagatīpatiḥ adharmeṇa mahīm jetum na
lipseta adharmavijayam labdhvā kaḥ bhūmipaḥ anumanyeta

1. Bhishma said: A ruler (jagatīpati) should not desire to conquer the earth through unrighteousness. Who would approve of a king (bhūmipa) who has achieved an unrighteous victory?

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• न (na) - not, no

• अधर्मेण (adharmeṇa) - by unrighteousness, by injustice, by wrong

• महीम् (mahīm) - the earth, land, kingdom

• जेतुम् (jetum) - to conquer, to win

• लिप्सेत (lipseta) - one should desire, one should obtain, one should strive for

• जगतीपतिः (jagatīpatiḥ) - lord of the world, king

• अधर्मविजयम् (adharmavijayam) - unrighteous victory, victory by injustice

• लब्ध्वा (labdhvā) - having obtained, having gained

• कः (kaḥ) - who?

• अनुमन्येत (anumanyeta) - would approve, would sanction, would assent

• भूमिपः (bhūmipaḥ) - a king, ruler of the earth

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (name of a character in Mahabharata)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अधर्मेण (adharmeṇa) - by unrighteousness, by injustice, by wrong

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of adharma

adharma - unrighteousness, injustice, wrong, sin, evil

Derived from 'a' (not) and 'dharma'

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+dharma)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• dharma – natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

महीम् (mahīm) - the earth, land, kingdom

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mahī

mahī - earth, land, soil, ground

जेतुम् (jetum) - to conquer, to win

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Infinitive form of root ji (जि)

Root: ji (class 1)

लिप्सेत (lipseta) - one should desire, one should obtain, one should strive for

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (liṅ) of labh

Root: labh (class 1)

जगतीपतिः (jagatīpatiḥ) - lord of the world, king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jagatīpati

jagatīpati - lord of the earth/world, king

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jagatī+pati)

• jagatī – the earth, the world
  noun (feminine)
• pati – lord, master, husband, ruler
  noun (masculine)

अधर्मविजयम् (adharmavijayam) - unrighteous victory, victory by injustice

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of adharmavijaya

adharmavijaya - unrighteous conquest or victory

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (adharma+vijaya)

• adharma – unrighteousness, injustice
  noun (masculine)
• vijaya – victory, triumph, conquest
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: ji (class 1)

लब्ध्वा (labdhvā) - having obtained, having gained

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive form of root labh (लभ्)

Root: labh (class 1)

कः (kaḥ) - who?

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

अनुमन्येत (anumanyeta) - would approve, would sanction, would assent

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (liṅ) of man

Prefix: anu

Root: man (class 4)

भूमिपः (bhūmipaḥ) - a king, ruler of the earth

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhūmipa

bhūmipa - king, ruler of the earth

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhūmi+pa)

• bhūmi – earth, ground, land
  noun (feminine)
• pa – protector, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: pā (class 2)