महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-97, verse-11

सहसा नाम्य भूतानि क्षिप्रमेव प्रसादयेत् ।
सान्त्वेन भोगदानेन स राज्ञां परमो नयः ॥११॥

11. sahasā nāmya bhūtāni kṣiprameva prasādayet ,
sāntvena bhogadānena sa rājñāṁ paramo nayaḥ.

11. sahasā nāmya bhūtāni kṣipram eva prasādayet
sāntvena bhogadānena saḥ rājñām paramaḥ nayaḥ

11. saḥ rājñām paramaḥ nayaḥ sahasā bhūtāni nāmya
kṣipram eva sāntvena bhogadānena prasādayet

11. A king should quickly appease his subjects, even after having subdued them by force. This is the supreme policy for rulers, achieved through conciliation and the provision of enjoyment or resources.

Words meanings summery:

• सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, forcibly, by force

• नाम्य (nāmya) - having humbled, having caused to bow down

• भूतानि (bhūtāni) - subjects of a king (beings, creatures, subjects)

• क्षिप्रम् (kṣipram) - quickly, swiftly

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, certainly

• प्रसादयेत् (prasādayet) - one should appease, conciliate, pacify

• सान्त्वेन (sāntvena) - by conciliation, by gentle words

• भोगदानेन (bhogadānena) - by the provision of resources or means of enjoyment (by granting enjoyment, by giving wealth/resources)

• सः (saḥ) - this (policy) (that, this (he))

• राज्ञाम् (rājñām) - for rulers (of kings)

• परमः (paramaḥ) - supreme, excellent, highest

• नयः (nayaḥ) - policy, conduct, rule, prudence

Words meanings and morphology

सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, forcibly, by force

(indeclinable)

adverbial form of `sahas` (power, force)

नाम्य (nāmya) - having humbled, having caused to bow down

(indeclinable)

gerund/absolutive

formed from the causal of root `nam` (nāmayati) + `ya` suffix

Root: nam (class 1)

भूतानि (bhūtāni) - subjects of a king (beings, creatures, subjects)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of bhūta

bhūta - being, creature, element, past, subject

Past Passive Participle

from root `bhū` (to be)

Root: bhū (class 1)

क्षिप्रम् (kṣipram) - quickly, swiftly

(indeclinable)

Root: kṣip (class 6)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, certainly

(indeclinable)

particle

प्रसादयेत् (prasādayet) - one should appease, conciliate, pacify

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of pra-sad

optative mood, 3rd person singular, active voice

Causal verb from root `sad` (to sit, to sink) with prefix `pra`. `prasādayati` (causal) means to appease, to propitiate.

Prefix: pra

Root: sad (class 1)

सान्त्वेन (sāntvena) - by conciliation, by gentle words

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of sāntva

sāntva - conciliation, gentle speech, soothing words

भोगदानेन (bhogadānena) - by the provision of resources or means of enjoyment (by granting enjoyment, by giving wealth/resources)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of bhogadāna

bhogadāna - granting enjoyment, giving wealth/resources, provision of pleasure

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhoga+dāna)

• bhoga – enjoyment, pleasure, wealth, possession, resource
  noun (masculine)
  from root `bhuj` (to enjoy)
  Root: bhuj (class 7)
• dāna – giving, granting, gift, donation
  noun (neuter)
  from root `dā` (to give)
  Root: dā (class 3)

सः (saḥ) - this (policy) (that, this (he))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Refers to `nayaḥ`.

राज्ञाम् (rājñām) - for rulers (of kings)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

`n`-stem noun.

Root: rāj (class 1)

परमः (paramaḥ) - supreme, excellent, highest

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parama

parama - supreme, highest, ultimate, most excellent

Superlative form (or simply an adjective meaning 'supreme').

Note: Agrees with `nayaḥ`.

नयः (nayaḥ) - policy, conduct, rule, prudence

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of naya

naya - policy, conduct, rule, prudence, guiding, leading

from root `nī` (to lead)

Root: nī (class 1)

Note: Subject of the sentence (implied 'is').