महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-45, verse-16

सोऽभिगम्य महात्मानं विष्णुं पुरुषविग्रहम् ।
उवाच मधुराभाषः स्मितपूर्वमिदं तदा ॥१६॥

16. so'bhigamya mahātmānaṁ viṣṇuṁ puruṣavigraham ,
uvāca madhurābhāṣaḥ smitapūrvamidaṁ tadā.

16. saḥ abhigamya mahātmānam viṣṇum puruṣavigraham
uvāca madhurābhāṣaḥ smitapūrvam idam tadā

16. tadā saḥ madhurābhāṣaḥ smitapūrvam puruṣavigraham
mahātmānam viṣṇum abhigamya idam uvāca

16. Then, he (the speaker) with a sweet voice, approached the great-souled Vishnu (Viṣṇu), who had assumed a human form (puruṣa), and, preceded by a smile, spoke these words.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (the speaker, implied to be Uddhava) (he, that)

• अभिगम्य (abhigamya) - having approached (having approached, having gone towards)

• महात्मानम् (mahātmānam) - the great-souled one (the great-souled one, the noble one)

• विष्णुम् (viṣṇum) - Vishnu (Viṣṇu) (Vishnu, the pervader)

• पुरुषविग्रहम् (puruṣavigraham) - who had assumed a human form (puruṣa) (having a human form, embodied as a man)

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke (he said, he spoke)

• मधुराभाषः (madhurābhāṣaḥ) - with a sweet voice (having a sweet voice/speech)

• स्मितपूर्वम् (smitapūrvam) - preceded by a smile (preceded by a smile, with a smile first)

• इदम् (idam) - these (words) (this, these)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (the speaker, implied to be Uddhava) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

अभिगम्य (abhigamya) - having approached (having approached, having gone towards)

(indeclinable)

Gerund (Absolutive)

Derived from root gam (to go) with prefix abhi

Prefix: abhi

Root: gam (class 1)

महात्मानम् (mahātmānam) - the great-souled one (the great-souled one, the noble one)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, sublime, magnanimous

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahat+ātman)

• mahat – great, large, mighty, noble
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'viṣṇum'.

विष्णुम् (viṣṇum) - Vishnu (Viṣṇu) (Vishnu, the pervader)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of viṣṇu

viṣṇu - Vishnu, the preserver god, the pervader

Root: viś (class 6)

पुरुषविग्रहम् (puruṣavigraham) - who had assumed a human form (puruṣa) (having a human form, embodied as a man)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of puruṣavigraha

puruṣavigraha - having a human form, embodied as a man

Compound type : tatpurusha (puruṣa+vigraha)

• puruṣa – man, human being, person, the Cosmic Person
  noun (masculine)
• vigraha – form, body, shape, embodiment
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Agrees with 'viṣṇum'.

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice of root vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

मधुराभाषः (madhurābhāṣaḥ) - with a sweet voice (having a sweet voice/speech)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of madhurābhāṣa

madhurābhāṣa - speaking sweetly, having a sweet voice/speech

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (madhura+ābhāṣa)

• madhura – sweet, pleasant, charming
  adjective
• ābhāṣa – speech, address, utterance, language
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'saḥ'.

स्मितपूर्वम् (smitapūrvam) - preceded by a smile (preceded by a smile, with a smile first)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of smitapūrva

smitapūrva - preceded by a smile, with a smile first

Compound type : tatpurusha (smita+pūrva)

• smita – smile, smiling, smiled
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle (from smi, to smile)
  Can function as a noun (smile) or adjective (smiling)
  Root: smi (class 1)
• pūrva – preceding, former, earlier, prior
  adjective

Note: Used adverbially to describe the manner of speaking, or agrees with 'idam'.

इदम् (idam) - these (words) (this, these)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, these (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Refers to the words that follow.

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)