महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-4, verse-20

ते स्वयं त्वरयन्तोऽश्वान्याहि याहीति वादिनः ।
व्यपेयुस्ते रणं हित्वा राजानो भग्नमानसाः ॥२०॥

20. te svayaṁ tvarayanto'śvānyāhi yāhīti vādinaḥ ,
vyapeyuste raṇaṁ hitvā rājāno bhagnamānasāḥ.

20. te svayam tvarayantaḥ aśvān yāhi yāhi iti vādinaḥ
vyapeyuḥ te raṇam hitvā rājānaḥ bhagnamānasāḥ

20. bhagnamānasāḥ te rājānaḥ svayam "yāhi yāhi" iti
vādinaḥ aśvān tvarayantaḥ raṇam hitvā te vyapeyuḥ

20. Those kings, their spirits broken, themselves urged their horses, repeatedly shouting, "Go! Go!" and fled, abandoning the battle.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - those kings (they, those)

• स्वयम् (svayam) - themselves (without charioteers) (oneself, by oneself, spontaneously)

• त्वरयन्तः (tvarayantaḥ) - urging on (their horses) (hastening, urging on, making swift)

• अश्वान् (aśvān) - horses

• याहि (yāhi) - go! (command to the horses) (go! proceed!)

• याहि (yāhi) - go! (command to the horses, repeated) (go! proceed!)

• इति (iti) - thus (introducing speech) (thus, so, saying)

• वादिनः (vādinaḥ) - those who were speaking (the words "yāhi yāhi") (speaking, saying, proclaiming; a speaker)

• व्यपेयुः (vyapeyuḥ) - they fled (they fled, they went away, they disappeared)

• ते (te) - those kings (they, those)

• रणम् (raṇam) - the battle(field) (battle, war, combat)

• हित्वा (hitvā) - having abandoned (the battle) (having left, having abandoned, having given up)

• राजानः (rājānaḥ) - the kings (kings, rulers)

• भग्नमानसाः (bhagnamānasāḥ) - with broken spirits (broken-hearted, disheartened, dispirited, with shattered morale)

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - those kings (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

स्वयम् (svayam) - themselves (without charioteers) (oneself, by oneself, spontaneously)

(indeclinable)

त्वरयन्तः (tvarayantaḥ) - urging on (their horses) (hastening, urging on, making swift)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tvarayat

tvarayat - hastening, urging on

Present Active Participle (causative)

From causative of root tvar (to hasten)

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Refers to the kings who are hastening their horses.

अश्वान् (aśvān) - horses

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of aśva

aśva - horse

याहि (yāhi) - go! (command to the horses) (go! proceed!)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of yā

Imperative, 2nd person singular, active voice

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: A command.

याहि (yāhi) - go! (command to the horses, repeated) (go! proceed!)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of yā

Imperative, 2nd person singular, active voice

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: A command.

इति (iti) - thus (introducing speech) (thus, so, saying)

(indeclinable)

वादिनः (vādinaḥ) - those who were speaking (the words "yāhi yāhi") (speaking, saying, proclaiming; a speaker)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vādin

vādin - speaking, saying, asserting; a speaker, a disputant

From root vad (to speak) + suffix -in

Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'rājānaḥ' or 'te'.

व्यपेयुः (vyapeyuḥ) - they fled (they fled, they went away, they disappeared)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of vyapa-i

Perfect tense, 3rd person plural, active voice, from vi-apa-i (to go)

Prefixes: vi+apa

Root: i (class 2)

ते (te) - those kings (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Repetition of 'te' emphasizes that it was *those very kings* who fled.

रणम् (raṇam) - the battle(field) (battle, war, combat)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, combat

हित्वा (hitvā) - having abandoned (the battle) (having left, having abandoned, having given up)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

From root hā (to abandon, leave) + -tvā (absolutive suffix)

Root: hā (class 3)

Note: This is an absolutive (gerund).

राजानः (rājānaḥ) - the kings (kings, rulers)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

भग्नमानसाः (bhagnamānasāḥ) - with broken spirits (broken-hearted, disheartened, dispirited, with shattered morale)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhagnamānasa

bhagnamānasa - broken-hearted, disheartened, with shattered morale

Bahuvrihi compound: bhagna (broken) + mānasa (mind, heart, spirit)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (bhagna+mānasa)

• bhagna – broken, shattered, defeated
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root bhañj (to break)
  Root: bhañj (class 7)
• mānasa – mind, heart, spirit, will
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies 'rājānaḥ'.