महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-4, verse-14

तमन्वयाद्रथी खड्गी भद्धगोधाङ्गुलित्रवान् ।
कर्णः शस्त्रभृतां श्रेष्ठः पृष्ठतः पुरुषर्षभ ॥१४॥

14. tamanvayādrathī khaḍgī bhaddhagodhāṅgulitravān ,
karṇaḥ śastrabhṛtāṁ śreṣṭhaḥ pṛṣṭhataḥ puruṣarṣabha.

14. tam anvayāt rathī khaḍgī baddhagodhāṅgulitravān
karṇaḥ śastrabṛtām śreṣṭhaḥ pṛṣṭhataḥ puruṣarṣabha

14. puruṣarṣabha karṇaḥ śastrabṛtām śreṣṭhaḥ rathī
khaḍgī baddhagodhāṅgulitravān tam pṛṣṭhataḥ anvayāt

14. O best among men (puruṣarṣabha), Karna, the foremost among weapon-bearers, followed him from behind. He was a charioteer, a swordsman, and wore protective leather gloves (baddhagodhāṅgulitravān).

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him, that

• अन्वयात् (anvayāt) - followed, went after

• रथी (rathī) - charioteer, one who has a chariot

• खड्गी (khaḍgī) - swordsman, one who has a sword

• बद्धगोधाङ्गुलित्रवान् (baddhagodhāṅgulitravān) - one wearing bound leather gloves, one with tied iguana-skin finger-protectors

• कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karna

• शस्त्रबृताम् (śastrabṛtām) - of weapon-bearers

• श्रेष्ठः (śreṣṭhaḥ) - best, most excellent, foremost

• पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - from behind, in the rear

• पुरुषर्षभ (puruṣarṣabha) - O best of men, O chief of men

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अन्वयात् (anvayāt) - followed, went after

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of anu-√i

Imperfect

Imperfect (Laṅ) 3rd person singular from root √i with prefix anu

Prefix: anu

Root: √i (class 2)

रथी (rathī) - charioteer, one who has a chariot

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rathin

rathin - charioteer, possessing a chariot

Derived from ratha with possessive suffix -in

खड्गी (khaḍgī) - swordsman, one who has a sword

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of khaḍgin

khaḍgin - swordsman, possessing a sword

Derived from khaḍga with possessive suffix -in

बद्धगोधाङ्गुलित्रवान् (baddhagodhāṅgulitravān) - one wearing bound leather gloves, one with tied iguana-skin finger-protectors

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of baddhagodhāṅgulitra-vat

baddhagodhāṅgulitra-vat - having bound leather gloves/finger-protectors

Possessive adjective formed with suffix -vat from the compound baddhagodhāṅgulitra

Compound type : karmadhāraya (baddha+godhā+aṅgulitra)

• baddha – bound, tied, fastened
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle (PPP) of the root √bandh
  Root: √bandh (class 7)
• godhā – iguana, a kind of large lizard (its skin used for leather); leather
  noun (feminine)
• aṅgulitra – finger protector, glove, thimble
  noun (neuter)

कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karna (proper name); ear

शस्त्रबृताम् (śastrabṛtām) - of weapon-bearers

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of śastrabṛt

śastrabṛt - weapon-bearer, one who carries arms

Compound formed from śastra (weapon) and √bhṛ (to bear/carry)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śastra+bhṛt)

• śastra – weapon, instrument, tool
  noun (neuter)
• bhṛt – bearing, carrying, supporting
  adjective
  Agent noun/adjective from the root √bhṛ
  Root: √bhṛ (class 3)

श्रेष्ठः (śreṣṭhaḥ) - best, most excellent, foremost

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śreṣṭha

śreṣṭha - best, most excellent, chief

Superlative degree of praśasya (excellent)

पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - from behind, in the rear

(indeclinable)

Adverb formed from pṛṣṭha (back) with suffix -tas

पुरुषर्षभ (puruṣarṣabha) - O best of men, O chief of men

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of puruṣarṣabha

puruṣarṣabha - best of men, chief among men (lit. man-bull)

Compound of puruṣa (man) and ṛṣabha (bull, best)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (puruṣa+ṛṣabha)

• puruṣa – man, person, male
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, excellent, best
  noun (masculine)