महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-248, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
य इमे पृथिवीपालाः शेरते पृथिवीतले ।
पृतनामध्य एते हि गतसत्त्वा महाबलाः ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
ya ime pṛthivīpālāḥ śerate pṛthivītale ,
pṛtanāmadhya ete hi gatasattvā mahābalāḥ.

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ya ime pṛthivīpālāḥ śerate
pṛthivītale pṛtanāmadhya ete hi gatasattvāḥ mahābalāḥ

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ya ime pṛthivīpālāḥ pṛthivītale pṛtanāmadhya śerate,
hi ete mahābalāḥ gatasattvāḥ

1. Yudhishthira said: These protectors of the earth, who lie on the ground amidst the army—these immensely powerful men are indeed bereft of life.

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - The eldest of the Pandavas, a central character in the Mahabharata, speaking this verse. (Yudhishthira)

• उवाच (uvāca) - Yudhishthira said. (said, spoke)

• य (ya) - Refers to the 'protectors of the earth' (kings). (who, which)

• इमे (ime) - Refers to the kings being observed by Yudhishthira. (these)

• पृथिवीपालाः (pṛthivīpālāḥ) - The kings fallen in battle. (protectors of the earth, kings)

• शेरते (śerate) - The kings lie dead on the battlefield. (they lie down, they are sleeping)

• पृथिवीतले (pṛthivītale) - On the battlefield ground where the kings are lying. (on the surface of the earth, on the ground)

• पृतनामध्य (pṛtanāmadhya) - The kings are lying dead on the battlefield, amidst their armies. (in the midst of the army, among the armies)

• एते (ete) - Refers to the same kings (pṛthivīpālāḥ). (these)

• हि (hi) - Emphasizes the statement. (indeed, surely, because)

• गतसत्त्वाः (gatasattvāḥ) - The kings have lost their life. (lifeless, devoid of vitality, dead)

• महाबलाः (mahābalāḥ) - Describing the kings' former strength. (immensely powerful, great warriors)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - The eldest of the Pandavas, a central character in the Mahabharata, speaking this verse. (Yudhishthira)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira, firm in battle, steady in war

Compound of 'yudhi' (in battle) and 'sthira' (firm).

Compound type : aluk-tatpuruṣa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle, in war
  noun (feminine)
  Locative singular of 'yudh' (battle).
  Root: yudh (class 7)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root 'sthā' (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - Yudhishthira said. (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect active

3rd person singular, Perfect tense, active voice, parasmaipada. Root 'vac' takes 'uvāca' in Perfect.

Root: vac (class 2)

य (ya) - Refers to the 'protectors of the earth' (kings). (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Visarga of 'ye' (nom. pl. of 'yad') elided before the following vowel 'i' of 'ime'.

इमे (ime) - Refers to the kings being observed by Yudhishthira. (these)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of idam

idam - this, these

Demonstrative pronoun.

पृथिवीपालाः (pṛthivīpālāḥ) - The kings fallen in battle. (protectors of the earth, kings)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pṛthivīpāla

pṛthivīpāla - protector of the earth, king, ruler

Tatpurusha compound: 'pṛthivī' (earth) + 'pāla' (protector).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pṛthivī+pāla)

• pṛthivī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• pāla – protector, guardian
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'pā' (to protect).
  Root: pā (class 2)

शेरते (śerate) - The kings lie dead on the battlefield. (they lie down, they are sleeping)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of śī

Present tense

3rd person plural, Present tense, middle voice (ātmanepada).

Root: śī (class 2)

पृथिवीतले (pṛthivītale) - On the battlefield ground where the kings are lying. (on the surface of the earth, on the ground)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of pṛthivītala

pṛthivītala - surface of the earth, ground

Tatpurusha compound: 'pṛthivī' (earth) + 'tala' (surface).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pṛthivī+tala)

• pṛthivī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• tala – surface, plane, ground
  noun (neuter)

पृतनामध्य (pṛtanāmadhya) - The kings are lying dead on the battlefield, amidst their armies. (in the midst of the army, among the armies)

(noun)

neuter, singular of pṛtanāmadhya

pṛtanāmadhya - middle of the army, among armies

Tatpurusha compound: 'pṛtanā' (army) + 'madhya' (middle). Functions adverbially.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pṛtanā+madhya)

• pṛtanā – army, host, battle
  noun (feminine)
• madhya – middle, center, midst
  noun (neuter)

Note: Used adverbially to indicate location.

एते (ete) - Refers to the same kings (pṛthivīpālāḥ). (these)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

Demonstrative pronoun.

हि (hi) - Emphasizes the statement. (indeed, surely, because)

(indeclinable)

Particle used for emphasis or causation.

गतसत्त्वाः (gatasattvāḥ) - The kings have lost their life. (lifeless, devoid of vitality, dead)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gatasattva

gatasattva - whose life has departed, dead, lifeless

Bahuvrihi compound: 'gata' (gone) + 'sattva' (life, vitality).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (gata+sattva)

• gata – gone, departed, dead
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'gam' (to go).
  Root: gam (class 1)
• sattva – being, existence, life, vitality, essence, goodness
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'as' (to be) + 'tva' suffix.
  Root: as (class 2)

महाबलाः (mahābalāḥ) - Describing the kings' former strength. (immensely powerful, great warriors)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahābala

mahābala - of great strength, very powerful

Karmadharaya or Bahuvrihi compound: 'mahā' (great) + 'bala' (strength).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+bala)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
  Feminine stem of 'mahat' used in compound.
• bala – strength, power, might
  noun (neuter)