महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-243, verse-18

संगोप्य ह्यात्मनो द्वाराण्यपिधाय विचिन्तयन् ।
यो ह्यास्ते ब्राह्मणः शिष्टः स आत्मरतिरुच्यते ॥१८॥

18. saṁgopya hyātmano dvārāṇyapidhāya vicintayan ,
yo hyāste brāhmaṇaḥ śiṣṭaḥ sa ātmaratirucyate.

18. saṅgopya hi ātmanaḥ dvārāṇi apidhāya vicintayan
yaḥ hi āste brāhmaṇaḥ śiṣṭaḥ saḥ ātmaratiḥ ucyate

18. Indeed, the disciplined (śiṣṭaḥ) Brahmin who, having carefully guarded the doors of his self (ātman) and having closed them, remains meditating, is called one whose delight is in the self (ātmarati).

Words meanings summery:

• सङ्गोप्य (saṅgopya) - having carefully guarded (the senses) (having well concealed, having completely hidden, having guarded well)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for, because)

• आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of one's own self (ātman) (of the self, of the soul, of oneself)

• द्वाराणि (dvārāṇi) - the doors (referring to the sense organs) (doors, gates, means, access)

• अपिधाय (apidhāya) - having closed (the sense organs to external stimuli) (having closed, having covered, having concealed)

• विचिन्तयन् (vicintayan) - meditating (on the self or ultimate reality) (meditating, reflecting, thinking deeply, contemplating)

• यः (yaḥ) - who (who, which)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for, because)

• आस्ते (āste) - remains (in meditation) (remains, sits, stays, exists)

• ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a Brahmin (a member of the priestly class or a spiritual seeker) (a Brahmin, a man of spiritual knowledge, one who knows Brahman)

• शिष्टः (śiṣṭaḥ) - disciplined, righteous (disciplined, educated, learned, well-behaved, remaining)

• सः (saḥ) - he (referring to the Brahmin) (he, that)

• आत्मरतिः (ātmaratiḥ) - one whose delight is in the self (ātman) (one whose delight is in the self, self-content, self-satisfied)

• उच्यते (ucyate) - is called (is called, is said, is designated)

Words meanings and morphology

सङ्गोप्य (saṅgopya) - having carefully guarded (the senses) (having well concealed, having completely hidden, having guarded well)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root `gup` (to protect, conceal) with prefix `sam-` and suffix `-ya` (for absolutive).

Prefix: sam

Root: gup (class 1)

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for, because)

(indeclinable)

आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of one's own self (ātman) (of the self, of the soul, of oneself)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence, mind, individual

द्वाराणि (dvārāṇi) - the doors (referring to the sense organs) (doors, gates, means, access)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of dvāra

dvāra - door, gate, entrance, means

अपिधाय (apidhāya) - having closed (the sense organs to external stimuli) (having closed, having covered, having concealed)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root `dhā` (to place, put) with prefix `api-`.

Prefix: api

Root: dhā (class 3)

विचिन्तयन् (vicintayan) - meditating (on the self or ultimate reality) (meditating, reflecting, thinking deeply, contemplating)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vicintayat

vicintayat - meditating, reflecting, thinking deeply, contemplating

Present Active Participle

From root `cint` (to think) with prefix `vi-`.

Prefix: vi

Root: cint (class 10)

यः (yaḥ) - who (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for, because)

(indeclinable)

आस्ते (āste) - remains (in meditation) (remains, sits, stays, exists)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of ās

Present tense, Middle voice

Root `ās` (to sit, be) with middle voice ending for 3rd singular present tense.

Root: ās (class 2)

ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a Brahmin (a member of the priestly class or a spiritual seeker) (a Brahmin, a man of spiritual knowledge, one who knows Brahman)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a Brahmin, relating to Brahman, pious, spiritual

Derived from `brahman`.

शिष्टः (śiṣṭaḥ) - disciplined, righteous (disciplined, educated, learned, well-behaved, remaining)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śiṣṭa

śiṣṭa - disciplined, educated, learned, well-behaved, remaining, taught

Past Passive Participle

From root `śiṣ` (to teach, to discipline)

Root: śiṣ (class 7)

सः (saḥ) - he (referring to the Brahmin) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

आत्मरतिः (ātmaratiḥ) - one whose delight is in the self (ātman) (one whose delight is in the self, self-content, self-satisfied)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ātmarati

ātmarati - delight in the self, self-content, one whose joy is the self

Compound type : bahuvrihi (ātman+rati)

• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)
• rati – delight, pleasure, love, attachment
  noun (feminine)
  From root `ram` (to delight)
  Root: ram (class 1)

उच्यते (ucyate) - is called (is called, is said, is designated)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of vac

Present tense, Passive voice

Root `vac` (to speak) forms passive `ucyate` (3rd singular present).

Root: vac (class 2)