महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-243, verse-1

व्यास उवाच ।
गन्धान्रसान्नानुरुन्ध्यात्सुखं वा नालंकारांश्चाप्नुयात्तस्य तस्य ।
मानं च कीर्तिं च यशश्च नेच्छेत्स वै प्रचारः पश्यतो ब्राह्मणस्य ॥१॥

1. vyāsa uvāca ,
gandhānrasānnānurundhyātsukhaṁ vā; nālaṁkārāṁścāpnuyāttasya tasya ,
mānaṁ ca kīrtiṁ ca yaśaśca necche;tsa vai pracāraḥ paśyato brāhmaṇasya.

1. vyāsa uvāca gandhān rasān na anurundhyāt
sukham vā na alaṅkārān ca āpnuyāt tasya
tasya mānam ca kīrtim ca yaśaḥ ca na
icchet sa vai pracāraḥ paśyataḥ brāhmaṇasya

1. vyāsa uvāca (saḥ) gandhān rasān sukham vā
na anurundhyāt; ca alaṅkārān tasya tasya na
āpnuyāt ca mānam ca kīrtim ca yaśaḥ na
icchet saḥ vai paśyataḥ brāhmaṇasya pracāraḥ

1. Vyasa said: One should not indulge in smells, tastes, or comfort, nor should one seek ornaments and other such worldly possessions. One should not desire honor, fame, or glory. That, indeed, is the conduct of a discerning Brahmin.

Words meanings summery:

• व्यास (vyāsa) - Vyasa (a revered sage)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• गन्धान् (gandhān) - objects of smell (sensory indulgence) (smells, fragrances)

• रसान् (rasān) - objects of taste (sensory indulgence) (tastes, essences, juices)

• न (na) - not, no

• अनुरुन्ध्यात् (anurundhyāt) - should indulge in (sensory objects) (should pursue, should indulge in)

• सुखम् (sukham) - worldly comfort (happiness, ease, comfort)

• वा (vā) - or, either...or

• न (na) - not, no

• अलङ्कारान् (alaṅkārān) - ornaments, decorations

• च (ca) - and, also

• आप्नुयात् (āpnuyāt) - should desire/seek (to obtain) (should obtain, should attain)

• तस्य (tasya) - of each/various (worldly things) (of him, of that)

• तस्य (tasya) - (other) such (worldly things) (of him, of that)

• मानम् (mānam) - worldly honor (honor, respect, measure)

• च (ca) - and, also

• कीर्तिम् (kīrtim) - fame, glory, renown

• च (ca) - and, also

• यशः (yaśaḥ) - glory, fame, reputation

• च (ca) - and, also

• न (na) - not, no

• इच्छेत् (icchet) - should desire, should wish

• स (sa) - that (conduct) (that, he)

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

• प्रचारः (pracāraḥ) - proper conduct (conduct, course, movement, custom)

• पश्यतः (paśyataḥ) - of a discerning (Brahmin) (of one who sees, of one who observes, of a seer)

• ब्राह्मणस्य (brāhmaṇasya) - of a Brahmin

Words meanings and morphology

व्यास (vyāsa) - Vyasa (a revered sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyāsa

vyāsa - Vyasa, compiler (name of a sage)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of uvāca

Perfect (Liṭ) Mood, Parasmaipada

Root vac, 3rd singular.

Root: vac (class 2)

गन्धान् (gandhān) - objects of smell (sensory indulgence) (smells, fragrances)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of gandha

gandha - smell, odor, fragrance

रसान् (rasān) - objects of taste (sensory indulgence) (tastes, essences, juices)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of rasa

rasa - taste, flavor, essence, juice, emotion

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अनुरुन्ध्यात् (anurundhyāt) - should indulge in (sensory objects) (should pursue, should indulge in)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of anurundhyāt

Optative Mood, Parasmaipada

Root rudh with prefix anu. 3rd singular.

Prefix: anu

Root: rudh (class 7)

Note: Combined with 'na' means 'should not indulge'.

सुखम् (sukham) - worldly comfort (happiness, ease, comfort)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - happiness, joy, comfort, ease

वा (vā) - or, either...or

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Paired with āpnuyāt

अलङ्कारान् (alaṅkārān) - ornaments, decorations

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of alaṅkāra

alaṅkāra - ornament, decoration, embellishment

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

आप्नुयात् (āpnuyāt) - should desire/seek (to obtain) (should obtain, should attain)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of āpnuyāt

Optative Mood, Parasmaipada

Root āp. 3rd singular.

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Combined with 'na' means 'should not obtain/seek'.

तस्य (tasya) - of each/various (worldly things) (of him, of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तस्य (tasya) - (other) such (worldly things) (of him, of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

मानम् (mānam) - worldly honor (honor, respect, measure)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of māna

māna - honor, respect, pride, measure

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

कीर्तिम् (kīrtim) - fame, glory, renown

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kīrti

kīrti - fame, glory, renown, reputation

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

यशः (yaśaḥ) - glory, fame, reputation

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yaśas

yaśas - glory, fame, reputation, honor

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Paired with icchet

इच्छेत् (icchet) - should desire, should wish

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of icchet

Optative Mood, Parasmaipada

Root iṣ. 3rd singular.

Root: iṣ (class 6)

Note: Combined with 'na' means 'should not desire'.

स (sa) - that (conduct) (that, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

प्रचारः (pracāraḥ) - proper conduct (conduct, course, movement, custom)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pracāra

pracāra - course, conduct, movement, custom, prevalence

From prefix pra + root car (to move, conduct)

Prefix: pra

Root: car (class 1)

पश्यतः (paśyataḥ) - of a discerning (Brahmin) (of one who sees, of one who observes, of a seer)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of paśyat

paśyat - seeing, looking, perceiving

Present Active Participle

From root dṛś (to see), with stem paśya-

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Often implies spiritual insight or discriminative knowledge.

ब्राह्मणस्य (brāhmaṇasya) - of a Brahmin

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - Brahmin, one belonging to the priestly class, a knower of brahman

Derived from brahman