महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-242, verse-23

नैतज्ज्ञात्वा पुमान्स्त्री वा पुनर्भवमवाप्नुयात् ।
अभवप्रतिपत्त्यर्थमेतद्वर्त्म विधीयते ॥२३॥

23. naitajjñātvā pumānstrī vā punarbhavamavāpnuyāt ,
abhavapratipattyarthametadvartma vidhīyate.

23. na etat jñātvā pumān strī vā punaḥ bhavam avāpnuyāt
abhavapratipattyartham etat vartma vidhīyate

23. etat jñātvā,
pumān strī vā punaḥ bhavam na avāpnuyāt abhavapratipattyartham etat vartma vidhīyate

23. Having understood this, neither a man nor a woman would attain rebirth (saṃsāra). This path is prescribed for the sake of attaining non-existence, which is liberation (mokṣa).

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• एतत् (etat) - this (knowledge/path) (this)

• ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known, having understood

• पुमान् (pumān) - a man, a male

• स्त्री (strī) - a woman, a female

• वा (vā) - or, either...or

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, repeatedly

• भवम् (bhavam) - rebirth (saṃsāra) (existence, birth, becoming)

• अवाप्नुयात् (avāpnuyāt) - may obtain, would attain

• अभवप्रतिपत्त्यर्थम् (abhavapratipattyartham) - for the sake of attaining liberation (mokṣa) (for the sake of attaining non-existence)

• एतत् (etat) - this (path) (this)

• वर्त्म (vartma) - path, way, road

• विधीयते (vidhīyate) - is ordained, is prescribed, is made

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

एतत् (etat) - this (knowledge/path) (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, that

ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known, having understood

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root jñā (to know) with suffix -tvā

Root: jñā (class 9)

पुमान् (pumān) - a man, a male

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pums

pums - man, male, human being

स्त्री (strī) - a woman, a female

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of strī

strī - woman, female

वा (vā) - or, either...or

(indeclinable)

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, repeatedly

(indeclinable)

भवम् (bhavam) - rebirth (saṃsāra) (existence, birth, becoming)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhava

bhava - existence, birth, becoming, the world

Derived from root bhū (to be, exist)

Root: bhū (class 1)

अवाप्नुयात् (avāpnuyāt) - may obtain, would attain

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of avāpnuyāt

Optative Mood, Parasmaipada

Root āp with prefix ava. 3rd singular.

Prefix: ava

Root: āp (class 5)

अभवप्रतिपत्त्यर्थम् (abhavapratipattyartham) - for the sake of attaining liberation (mokṣa) (for the sake of attaining non-existence)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of abhavapratipattyartha

abhavapratipattyartha - for the purpose of attaining non-existence

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (abhava+pratipatti+artha)

• abhava – non-existence, cessation of existence
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of na + bhava
• pratipatti – attainment, acquisition, comprehension
  noun (feminine)
  From prati + pad
  Prefix: prati
  Root: pad (class 4)
• artha – purpose, aim, meaning, wealth
  noun (masculine)

Note: Often functions adverbially when in accusative singular with this meaning.

एतत् (etat) - this (path) (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, that

वर्त्म (vartma) - path, way, road

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vartman

vartman - path, way, road

विधीयते (vidhīyate) - is ordained, is prescribed, is made

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of vidhīyate

Present Passive, Ātmanepada

Root dhā with prefix vi. 3rd singular.

Prefix: vi

Root: dhā (class 3)