महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-235, verse-27

अतः परं परममुदारमाश्रमं तृतीयमाहुस्त्यजतां कलेवरम् ।
वनौकसां गृहपतिनामनुत्तमं शृणुष्वैतत्क्लिष्टशरीरकारिणाम् ॥२७॥

27. ataḥ paraṁ paramamudāramāśramaṁ; tṛtīyamāhustyajatāṁ kalevaram ,
vanaukasāṁ gṛhapatināmanuttamaṁ; śṛṇuṣvaitatkliṣṭaśarīrakāriṇām.

27. ataḥ param paramam udāram āśramam
tṛtīyam āhuḥ tyajatām kalevaram
vanaukasām gṛhapatīnām anuttamam
śṛṇuṣva etat kliṣṭaśarīrakāriṇām

27. ataḥ param tṛtīyam paramam udāram
āśramam āhuḥ tyajatām kalevaram
vanaukasām gṛhapatīnām anuttamam
etat kliṣṭaśarīrakāriṇām śṛṇuṣva

27. Hereafter, they declare the third stage of life (āśrama) to be supreme and noble for those who abandon their bodies (i.e., worldly life). This unsurpassed path, suitable for forest-dwellers (vānaprastha) and householders (gṛhapati) alike, is undertaken by those who subject their bodies to severe austerities; listen to it.

Words meanings summery:

• अतः (ataḥ) - hereafter, subsequently (in the discourse or stages of life) (hereafter, then, therefore, from this)

• परम् (param) - next (in sequence or discourse) (after, next, supreme, highest)

• परमम् (paramam) - supreme, highest, utmost

• उदारम् (udāram) - noble, excellent, generous

• आश्रमम् (āśramam) - the āśrama, specifically the vānaprastha stage (stage of life (āśrama), hermitage, retreat)

• तृतीयम् (tṛtīyam) - the third āśrama (vānaprastha) (the third)

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - wise people or scriptures declare (they say, they declare, they call)

• त्यजताम् (tyajatām) - of those abandoning worldly life/attachments (of those abandoning, of those renouncing)

• कलेवरम् (kalevaram) - body, physical frame

• वनौकसाम् (vanaukasām) - of forest-dwellers, of hermits (vānaprastha)

• गृहपतीनाम् (gṛhapatīnām) - of householders, of masters of the house

• अनुत्तमम् (anuttamam) - unsurpassed, unequalled, excellent

• शृणुष्व (śṛṇuṣva) - listen to this explanation (listen, hear (imperative))

• एतत् (etat) - this (third āśrama, or the discourse about it) (this, that)

• क्लिष्टशरीरकारिणाम् (kliṣṭaśarīrakāriṇām) - of those who make their bodies suffer, of those who practice severe austerities

Words meanings and morphology

अतः (ataḥ) - hereafter, subsequently (in the discourse or stages of life) (hereafter, then, therefore, from this)

(indeclinable)

Ablative adverbial suffix -tas

परम् (param) - next (in sequence or discourse) (after, next, supreme, highest)

(indeclinable)

परमम् (paramam) - supreme, highest, utmost

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of parama

parama - supreme, highest, ultimate, excellent

Superlative of 'para'

उदारम् (udāram) - noble, excellent, generous

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of udāra

udāra - noble, excellent, magnanimous, exalted, liberal

आश्रमम् (āśramam) - the āśrama, specifically the vānaprastha stage (stage of life (āśrama), hermitage, retreat)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āśrama

āśrama - stage of life (brahmacarya, gṛhastha, vānaprastha, saṃnyāsa), hermitage, retreat, religious order

From root 'śram' (to toil) with prefix 'ā'

Prefix: ā

Root: śram (class 4)

तृतीयम् (tṛtīyam) - the third āśrama (vānaprastha) (the third)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tṛtīya

tṛtīya - third

आहुः (āhuḥ) - wise people or scriptures declare (they say, they declare, they call)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (liṭ) of ah

Perfect / Present (irregular)

Irregular root, 3rd person plural. Often used with a present sense.

Root: ah (class 2)

त्यजताम् (tyajatām) - of those abandoning worldly life/attachments (of those abandoning, of those renouncing)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tyajat

tyajat - abandoning, leaving, renouncing

Present Active Participle

From root 'tyaj' (to abandon), present active participle.

Root: tyaj (class 1)

कलेवरम् (kalevaram) - body, physical frame

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kalevara

kalevara - body, physical frame, carcass

वनौकसाम् (vanaukasām) - of forest-dwellers, of hermits (vānaprastha)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vanaukas

vanaukas - forest-dweller, hermit, vānaprastha (one in the third āśrama)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vana+okas)

• vana – forest, wood, grove
  noun (neuter)
• okas – dwelling, house, home
  noun (neuter)

गृहपतीनाम् (gṛhapatīnām) - of householders, of masters of the house

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of gṛhapati

gṛhapati - master of a house, householder, husband

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gṛha+pati)

• gṛha – house, home
  noun (neuter)
• pati – master, lord, husband
  noun (masculine)

अनुत्तमम् (anuttamam) - unsurpassed, unequalled, excellent

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of anuttama

anuttama - unsurpassed, peerless, highest, best

Negative prefix 'an-' + 'uttama' (best/highest)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (an+uttama)

• an – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• uttama – best, highest, supreme, excellent
  adjective
  Superlative of 'ud' (up)

शृणुष्व (śṛṇuṣva) - listen to this explanation (listen, hear (imperative))

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of śru

Imperative

Middle voice, 2nd person singular, imperative mood.

Root: śru (class 5)

एतत् (etat) - this (third āśrama, or the discourse about it) (this, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etas

etas - this, that

क्लिष्टशरीरकारिणाम् (kliṣṭaśarīrakāriṇām) - of those who make their bodies suffer, of those who practice severe austerities

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kliṣṭaśarīrakārin

kliṣṭaśarīrakārin - one who makes their body suffer, an ascetic, one who practices severe austerities

Compound type : upapada (kliṣṭa+śarīra+kārin)

• kliṣṭa – afflicted, distressed, tormented, suffering
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'kliś' (to torment, distress)
  Root: kliś (class 4)
• śarīra – body, corporeal frame
  noun (neuter)
• kārin – doer, maker, performing, causing
  adjective
  Agent Noun/Adjective
  From root 'kṛ' (to do, make) with suffix -in
  Root: kṛ (class 8)