महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-235, verse-11

विघसाशी भवेन्नित्यं नित्यं चामृतभोजनः ।
अमृतं यज्ञशेषं स्याद्भोजनं हविषा समम् ।
भृत्यशेषं तु योऽश्नाति तमाहुर्विघसाशिनम् ॥११॥

11. vighasāśī bhavennityaṁ nityaṁ cāmṛtabhojanaḥ ,
amṛtaṁ yajñaśeṣaṁ syādbhojanaṁ haviṣā samam ,
bhṛtyaśeṣaṁ tu yo'śnāti tamāhurvighasāśinam.

11. vighasāśī bhavet nityam nityam ca
amṛtabhojanaḥ amṛtam yajñaśeṣam syāt
bhojanam haviṣā samam bhṛtyaśeṣam
tu yaḥ aśnāti tam āhuḥ vighasāśinam

11. nityam vighasāśī bhavet nityam ca
amṛtabhojanaḥ syāt amṛtam yajñaśeṣam
bhojanam haviṣā samam (ca) tu yaḥ
bhṛtyaśeṣam aśnāti tam vighasāśinam āhuḥ

11. One should always be an eater of remnants (`vighasāśī`), and always consume `amṛta` (nectar-like food). `Amṛta` is considered the remnants of the `yajña` (fire sacrifice), and such food is equivalent to an oblation. However, whoever eats the remnants after his servants have been fed, him they call a `vighasāśin`.

Words meanings summery:

• विघसाशी (vighasāśī) - one who eats remnants (vighasa) (one who eats remnants (`vighasa`))

• भवेत् (bhavet) - (one) should be (he/she/it should be; may be)

• नित्यम् (nityam) - always (always, constantly, perpetually)

• नित्यम् (nityam) - always (always, constantly, perpetually)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• अमृतभोजनः (amṛtabhojanaḥ) - one whose food is `amṛta` (nectar-like food)

• अमृतम् (amṛtam) - `amṛta` (nectar-like food) (nectar, immortality, imperishable)

• यज्ञशेषम् (yajñaśeṣam) - remnants of the `yajña` (fire sacrifice) (remnants of `yajña` (sacrifice))

• स्यात् (syāt) - is (considered to be) (he/she/it should be; may be, would be)

• भोजनम् (bhojanam) - (such) food (food, eating, meal)

• हविषा (haviṣā) - with an oblation (with oblation, by oblation)

• समम् (samam) - equal to (equal, similar, with, together)

• भृत्यशेषम् (bhṛtyaśeṣam) - remnants after his servants (have eaten) (remnants of servants/dependents)

• तु (tu) - however, but (but, indeed, however)

• यः (yaḥ) - Whoever (who, which, what (relative pronoun))

• अश्नाति (aśnāti) - eats (eats, consumes)

• तम् (tam) - him (him, that (demonstrative pronoun))

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they call (they say, they call)

• विघसाशिनम् (vighasāśinam) - a `vighasāśin` (eater of remnants) (one who eats remnants (`vighasa`))

Words meanings and morphology

विघसाशी (vighasāśī) - one who eats remnants (vighasa) (one who eats remnants (`vighasa`))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vighasāśin

vighasāśin - eater of remnants (vighasa)

Compound of vighasa (remnants) and āśin (eater)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vighasa+āśin)

• vighasa – remnants of food, especially after guests/dependents have eaten
  noun (neuter)
• āśin – eater, consumer
  noun (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  Derived from root aś (to eat)
  Root: aś (class 9)

भवेत् (bhavet) - (one) should be (he/she/it should be; may be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

नित्यम् (nityam) - always (always, constantly, perpetually)

(indeclinable)

नित्यम् (nityam) - always (always, constantly, perpetually)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

अमृतभोजनः (amṛtabhojanaḥ) - one whose food is `amṛta` (nectar-like food)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of amṛtabhojana

amṛtabhojana - one whose food is `amṛta` (nectar-like food)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (amṛta+bhojana)

• amṛta – nectar, immortality, imperishable
  noun (neuter)
• bhojana – food, eating, meal
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root bhuj (to eat, enjoy)
  Root: bhuj (class 7)

अमृतम् (amṛtam) - `amṛta` (nectar-like food) (nectar, immortality, imperishable)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of amṛta

amṛta - nectar, immortality, imperishable; the remnants of a sacrifice

यज्ञशेषम् (yajñaśeṣam) - remnants of the `yajña` (fire sacrifice) (remnants of `yajña` (sacrifice))

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yajñaśeṣa

yajñaśeṣa - remnants of a `yajña` or sacrifice

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yajña+śeṣa)

• yajña – sacrifice, oblation, worship
  noun (masculine)
  Root: yaj (class 1)
• śeṣa – remainder, residue, remnant
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śiṣ (class 7)

स्यात् (syāt) - is (considered to be) (he/she/it should be; may be, would be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

भोजनम् (bhojanam) - (such) food (food, eating, meal)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhojana

bhojana - food, eating, meal

Derived from root bhuj (to eat, enjoy)

Root: bhuj (class 7)

हविषा (haviṣā) - with an oblation (with oblation, by oblation)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of havis

havis - oblation, offering, ghee

Root: hu (class 3)

समम् (samam) - equal to (equal, similar, with, together)

(adjective)

neuter, singular of sama

sama - same, equal, similar, uniform

भृत्यशेषम् (bhṛtyaśeṣam) - remnants after his servants (have eaten) (remnants of servants/dependents)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bhṛtyaśeṣa

bhṛtyaśeṣa - remnants of food left by servants/dependents

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhṛtya+śeṣa)

• bhṛtya – servant, dependent, one to be maintained
  noun (masculine)
  Gerundive
  Derived from root bhṛ (to bear, support)
  Root: bhṛ (class 3)
• śeṣa – remainder, residue, remnant
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śiṣ (class 7)

तु (tu) - however, but (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

यः (yaḥ) - Whoever (who, which, what (relative pronoun))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, that (relative pronoun)

अश्नाति (aśnāti) - eats (eats, consumes)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of aś

Root: aś (class 9)

तम् (tam) - him (him, that (demonstrative pronoun))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they call (they say, they call)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of brū

Root brū (to speak/say); āhuḥ is an irregular form of 3rd plural present active. Historically from root ah.

Root: brū (class 2)

विघसाशिनम् (vighasāśinam) - a `vighasāśin` (eater of remnants) (one who eats remnants (`vighasa`))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vighasāśin

vighasāśin - eater of remnants (vighasa)

Compound of vighasa (remnants) and āśin (eater)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vighasa+āśin)

• vighasa – remnants of food, especially after guests/dependents have eaten
  noun (neuter)
• āśin – eater, consumer
  noun (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  Derived from root aś (to eat)
  Root: aś (class 9)