महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-235, verse-1

व्यास उवाच ।
द्वितीयमायुषो भागं गृहमेधी गृहे वसेत् ।
धर्मलब्धैर्युतो दारैरग्नीनुत्पाद्य सुव्रतः ॥१॥

1. vyāsa uvāca ,
dvitīyamāyuṣo bhāgaṁ gṛhamedhī gṛhe vaset ,
dharmalabdhairyuto dārairagnīnutpādya suvrataḥ.

1. vyāsaḥ uvāca | dvitīyam āyuṣaḥ bhāgam gṛhamedhī gṛhe
vaset | dharmalabdhaiḥ yutaḥ dāraiḥ agnīn utpādya suvrataḥ

1. vyāsaḥ uvāca suvrataḥ gṛhamedhī āyuṣaḥ dvitīyam bhāgam dharmalabdhaiḥ dāraiḥ yutaḥ agnīn utpādya gṛhe vaset ।

1. Vyasa said: A virtuous (suvrataḥ) householder (gṛhamedhin) should live in his house during the second stage (part) of life, accompanied by wives acquired through righteous means (dharma), and after establishing the sacred fires.

Words meanings summery:

• व्यासः (vyāsaḥ) - Vyasa

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• द्वितीयम् (dvitīyam) - second

• आयुषः (āyuṣaḥ) - of life, of age

• भागम् (bhāgam) - part, portion, stage

• गृहमेधी (gṛhamedhī) - a householder

• गृहे (gṛhe) - in the house, at home

• वसेत् (vaset) - should reside, should live

• धर्मलब्धैः (dharmalabdhaiḥ) - obtained by dharma, acquired by righteous means

• युतः (yutaḥ) - joined, accompanied, endowed with

• दारैः (dāraiḥ) - with wives

• अग्नीन् (agnīn) - fires, sacred fires

• उत्पाद्य (utpādya) - having produced, having established

• सुव्रतः (suvrataḥ) - of good vows, virtuous, pious

Words meanings and morphology

व्यासः (vyāsaḥ) - Vyasa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyāsa

vyāsa - Vyasa (a celebrated sage, compiler of the Vedas and author of the Mahabharata)

Prefix: vi

Root: as (class 4)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect active

Root 'vac' (to speak) in perfect active 3rd person singular.

Root: vac (class 2)

द्वितीयम् (dvitīyam) - second

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dvitīya

dvitīya - second, secondary

Note: Agrees with 'bhāgam'.

आयुषः (āyuṣaḥ) - of life, of age

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of āyus

āyus - life, vital power, age

भागम् (bhāgam) - part, portion, stage

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhāga

bhāga - share, portion, part

Note: Object of 'vaset' (implicitly, referring to the duration).

गृहमेधी (gṛhamedhī) - a householder

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gṛhamedhin

gṛhamedhin - householder, one who maintains a house and sacred fires

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gṛha+medhin)

• gṛha – house, home, dwelling
  noun (neuter)
• medhin – possessing, having, associated with, performing sacred rites
  adjective (masculine)
  From 'medhā' (intelligence, sacrifice), or 'medh' (to understand, be clean). Here, implying one who performs a 'medha' (sacrifice/sacred rites) in the house.
  Root: medh (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'vaset'.

गृहे (gṛhe) - in the house, at home

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of gṛha

gṛha - house, home, dwelling

वसेत् (vaset) - should reside, should live

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of vas

optative active

Root 'vas' (to dwell) in optative active 3rd person singular.

Root: vas (class 1)

धर्मलब्धैः (dharmalabdhaiḥ) - obtained by dharma, acquired by righteous means

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of dharmalabdha

dharmalabdha - obtained through dharma

Compound of 'dharma' and 'labdha' (past passive participle of 'labh').

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+labdha)

• dharma – constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• labdha – obtained, acquired, gained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'labh' (to obtain)
  Root: labh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'dāraiḥ'.

युतः (yutaḥ) - joined, accompanied, endowed with

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yuta

yuta - joined, united, endowed with, accompanied by

Past Passive Participle

From root 'yu' (to join), or 'yuj' (to join, connect)

Root: yu/yuj (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'gṛhamedhī'.

दारैः (dāraiḥ) - with wives

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of dāra

dāra - wife (usually used in plural to refer to one wife or wives in general)

Note: Governed by 'yutaḥ'.

अग्नीन् (agnīn) - fires, sacred fires

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of agni

agni - fire, sacred fire, god of fire

Note: Object of 'utpādya'.

उत्पाद्य (utpādya) - having produced, having established

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Root 'pad' (to go, move) with prefix 'ut' (up) and causative suffix '-āpaya', forming an absolutive. Meaning 'having established' in the context of sacred fires.

Prefix: ut

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Gerund, meaning 'after having done X'.

सुव्रतः (suvrataḥ) - of good vows, virtuous, pious

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suvrata

suvrata - of good vows, virtuous, pious, devout

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (su+vrata)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
• vrata – vow, sacred observance, religious practice
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vṛ (class 9)

Note: Agrees with 'gṛhamedhī'.