महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-235, verse-23

दश पूर्वान्दश परान्पुनाति च पितामहान् ।
गृहस्थवृत्तयस्त्वेता वर्तयेद्यो गतव्यथः ॥२३॥

23. daśa pūrvāndaśa parānpunāti ca pitāmahān ,
gṛhasthavṛttayastvetā vartayedyo gatavyathaḥ.

23. daśa pūrvān daśa parān punāti ca pitāmahān
gṛhasthavṛttayaḥ tu etāḥ vartayet yaḥ gatavyathaḥ

23. yaḥ gatavyathaḥ etāḥ gṛhasthavṛttayaḥ tu vartayet
daśa pūrvān daśa parān ca pitāmahān punāti

23. He who, free from distress (gatavyatha), conducts himself according to these duties of a householder (gṛhastha), purifies ten ancestors, ten descendants, and also (his) grandfathers.

Words meanings summery:

• दश (daśa) - ten

• पूर्वान् (pūrvān) - former ones, ancestors

• दश (daśa) - ten

• परान् (parān) - later ones, descendants

• पुनाति (punāti) - he purifies

• च (ca) - and, also

• पितामहान् (pitāmahān) - grandfathers, paternal ancestors

• गृहस्थवृत्तयः (gṛhasthavṛttayaḥ) - livelihoods/duties of a householder

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• एताः (etāḥ) - these

• वर्तयेत् (vartayet) - one should live, one should conduct oneself

• यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

• गतव्यथः (gatavyathaḥ) - one who has overcome distress, fearless

Words meanings and morphology

दश (daśa) - ten

(numeral)

पूर्वान् (pūrvān) - former ones, ancestors

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pūrva

pūrva - former, prior, ancient, preceding

दश (daśa) - ten

(numeral)

परान् (parān) - later ones, descendants

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of para

para - other, subsequent, later, supreme

पुनाति (punāti) - he purifies

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of pū

Root: pū (class 9)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

पितामहान् (pitāmahān) - grandfathers, paternal ancestors

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - paternal grandfather, ancestor

गृहस्थवृत्तयः (gṛhasthavṛttayaḥ) - livelihoods/duties of a householder

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of gṛhasthavṛtti

gṛhasthavṛtti - the conduct, livelihood, or duty of a householder (gṛhastha)

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (gṛhastha+vṛtti)

• gṛhastha – householder, one dwelling in a house (referring to the second āśrama)
  noun (masculine)
• vṛtti – course, conduct, livelihood, duty, mode of life
  noun (feminine)
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

एताः (etāḥ) - these

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of etad

etad - this

Note: Refers to gṛhasthavṛttayaḥ

वर्तयेत् (vartayet) - one should live, one should conduct oneself

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of vṛt

Root: vṛt (class 1)

यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

गतव्यथः (gatavyathaḥ) - one who has overcome distress, fearless

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gatavyatha

gatavyatha - one from whom distress has departed, fearless, tranquil, composed

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (gata+vyathā)

• gata – gone, departed, past
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from √gam (to go).
  Root: gam (class 1)
• vyathā – distress, pain, anxiety, agitation
  noun (feminine)
  Root: vyath (class 1)