महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-207, verse-28

तरुणाधिगतं ज्ञानं जरादुर्बलतां गतम् ।
परिपक्वबुद्धिः कालेन आदत्ते मानसं बलम् ॥२८॥

28. taruṇādhigataṁ jñānaṁ jarādurbalatāṁ gatam ,
paripakvabuddhiḥ kālena ādatte mānasaṁ balam.

28. taruṇa adhigatam jñānam jarā-durbalatām gatam
paripakva-buddhiḥ kālena ādatte mānasam balam

28. taruṇa adhigatam jñānam jarā-durbalatām gatam [api],
kālena paripakva-buddhiḥ mānasam balam ādatte

28. Knowledge gained in youth, though it may have fallen into the weakness of old age, is still compensated by a mature intellect (buddhi), which acquires mental strength with the passage of time.

Words meanings summery:

• तरुण (taruṇa) - in youth (youthful, young, by a young person)

• अधिगतम् (adhigatam) - acquired, attained, learned

• ज्ञानम् (jñānam) - knowledge, understanding, wisdom

• जरा-दुर्बलताम् (jarā-durbalatām) - weakness due to old age, decrepitude

• गतम् (gatam) - fallen into (weakness) (gone, reached, fallen into)

• परिपक्व-बुद्धिः (paripakva-buddhiḥ) - mature intellect, ripe understanding

• कालेन (kālena) - by time, with time, in course of time

• आदत्ते (ādatte) - takes, receives, acquires, assumes

• मानसम् (mānasam) - mental, spiritual, relating to the mind

• बलम् (balam) - strength, power, force

Words meanings and morphology

तरुण (taruṇa) - in youth (youthful, young, by a young person)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of taruṇa

taruṇa - young, youthful, fresh

Note: Implied locative meaning 'in youth' or 'by a youth' in relation to 'adhigatam'.

अधिगतम् (adhigatam) - acquired, attained, learned

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of adhigata

adhigata - attained, acquired, understood, learned

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root 'gam' with prefix 'adhi'

Prefix: adhi

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'jñānam'

ज्ञानम् (jñānam) - knowledge, understanding, wisdom

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jñāna

jñāna - knowledge, understanding, wisdom

Derived from root 'jñā' (to know)

Root: jñā (class 9)

जरा-दुर्बलताम् (jarā-durbalatām) - weakness due to old age, decrepitude

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of jarā-durbalatā

jarā-durbalatā - weakness due to old age, decrepitude, infirmity of age

Compound type : genitive tatpurusha (jarā+durbalatā)

• jarā – old age, decrepitude, decay
  noun (feminine)
  Root: jṛ (class 1)
• durbalatā – weakness, feebleness, infirmity
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from 'durbala' (weak) with suffix '-tā'

गतम् (gatam) - fallen into (weakness) (gone, reached, fallen into)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of gata

gata - gone, reached, arrived, fallen into, obtained

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root 'gam'

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'jñānam'

परिपक्व-बुद्धिः (paripakva-buddhiḥ) - mature intellect, ripe understanding

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of paripakva-buddhi

paripakva-buddhi - mature intellect, ripe understanding

Compound type : karmadhāraya (paripakva+buddhi)

• paripakva – fully ripe, mature, well-digested
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle of root 'pac' with prefix 'pari'
  Prefix: pari
  Root: pac (class 1)
• buddhi – intellect, understanding, reason, discernment (buddhi)
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from root 'budh' (to know, perceive)
  Root: budh (class 1)

कालेन (kālena) - by time, with time, in course of time

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, season, period

आदत्ते (ādatte) - takes, receives, acquires, assumes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of ā-dā

Present tense, Middle voice

3rd person, singular, present tense, middle voice (ātmanepada). Root 'dā' with prefix 'ā'

Prefix: ā

Root: dā (class 3)

मानसम् (mānasam) - mental, spiritual, relating to the mind

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mānasa

mānasa - mental, spiritual, relating to the mind (manas)

Derived from 'manas' (mind) with suffix '-a'

Note: Agrees with 'balam'

बलम् (balam) - strength, power, force

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, force, might