महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-123, verse-18

अपध्वस्तस्त्ववमतो दुःखं जीवति जीवितम् ।
जीवेच्च यदपध्वस्तस्तच्छुद्धं मरणं भवेत् ॥१८॥

18. apadhvastastvavamato duḥkhaṁ jīvati jīvitam ,
jīvecca yadapadhvastastacchuddhaṁ maraṇaṁ bhavet.

18. apadhvastaḥ tu avamataḥ duḥkham jīvati jīvitam
jīvet ca yat apadhvastaḥ tat śuddham maraṇam bhavet

18. apadhvastaḥ avamataḥ tu duḥkham jīvitam jīvati yat
apadhvastaḥ ca jīvet tat śuddham maraṇam bhavet

18. A person who is disgraced and despised lives a miserable existence. Indeed, if one were to live in such a disgraced state, then death itself would be considered pure.

Words meanings summery:

• अपध्वस्तः (apadhvastaḥ) - disgraced, ruined, fallen

• तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, on the other hand)

• अवमतः (avamataḥ) - despised, dishonored, disrespected

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - miserable (referring to life) (miserable, sorrowful)

• जीवति (jīvati) - lives, exists

• जीवितम् (jīvitam) - life, existence

• जीवेत् (jīvet) - one should live

• च (ca) - and, also

• यत् (yat) - if (if, what, which)

• अपध्वस्तः (apadhvastaḥ) - disgraced, ruined, fallen

• तत् (tat) - that (that, therefore)

• शुद्धम् (śuddham) - pure, clean, stainless

• मरणम् (maraṇam) - death

• भवेत् (bhavet) - would be, should be

Words meanings and morphology

अपध्वस्तः (apadhvastaḥ) - disgraced, ruined, fallen

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of apadhvasta

apadhvasta - ruined, disgraced, fallen, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root dhvaṃs (to fall down, be ruined) with the prefix apa, and the kta suffix.

Prefix: apa

Root: dhvaṃs (class 4)

तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

अवमतः (avamataḥ) - despised, dishonored, disrespected

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avamata

avamata - despised, dishonored, disrespected

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root man (to think, despise) with the prefix ava, and the kta suffix.

Prefix: ava

Root: man (class 4)

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - miserable (referring to life) (miserable, sorrowful)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - misery, sorrow, suffering, difficulty

Note: Qualifies 'jīvitam'.

जीवति (jīvati) - lives, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of jīv

Root: jīv (class 1)

जीवितम् (jīvitam) - life, existence

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of jīvita

jīvita - life, existence; livelihood

Noun derived from the root jīv.

Root: jīv (class 1)

जीवेत् (jīvet) - one should live

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of jīv

Root: jīv (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

यत् (yat) - if (if, what, which)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used as a conjunction 'if'.

अपध्वस्तः (apadhvastaḥ) - disgraced, ruined, fallen

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of apadhvasta

apadhvasta - ruined, disgraced, fallen, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root dhvaṃs (to fall down, be ruined) with the prefix apa, and the kta suffix.

Prefix: apa

Root: dhvaṃs (class 4)

तत् (tat) - that (that, therefore)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, it

शुद्धम् (śuddham) - pure, clean, stainless

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śuddha

śuddha - pure, clean, clear, virtuous, untainted

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root śudh (to purify) with the kta suffix.

Root: śudh (class 4)

मरणम् (maraṇam) - death

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of maraṇa

maraṇa - death, dying

Noun of action derived from the root mṛ.

Root: mṛ (class 6)

भवेत् (bhavet) - would be, should be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)