महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-123, verse-16

दुराचारान्यदा राजा प्रदुष्टान्न नियच्छति ।
तस्मादुद्विजते लोकः सर्पाद्वेश्मगतादिव ॥१६॥

16. durācārānyadā rājā praduṣṭānna niyacchati ,
tasmādudvijate lokaḥ sarpādveśmagatādiva.

16. durācārān yadā rājā praduṣṭān na niyacchati
tasmāt udvijate lokaḥ sarpāt veśmagatāt iva

16. yadā rājā praduṣṭān durācārān na niyacchati
tasmāt lokaḥ veśmagatāt sarpāt iva udvijate

16. When a king does not restrain those who are corrupt and of bad conduct, the populace recoils from him, just as one would from a snake that has entered the house.

Words meanings summery:

• दुराचारान् (durācārān) - those of bad conduct, evil-doers

• यदा (yadā) - when

• राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

• प्रदुष्टान् (praduṣṭān) - corrupt, wicked, depraved

• न (na) - not

• नियच्छति (niyacchati) - restrains, controls

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - from that, therefore

• उद्विजते (udvijate) - trembles, is alarmed, recoils

• लोकः (lokaḥ) - people, world, populace

• सर्पात् (sarpāt) - from a snake

• वेश्मगतात् (veśmagatāt) - from one who has entered the house

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

Words meanings and morphology

दुराचारान् (durācārān) - those of bad conduct, evil-doers

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of durācāra

durācāra - bad conduct, misconduct, evil practice; evil-doer

Prefix: dur

Root: car (class 1)

यदा (yadā) - when

(indeclinable)

राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

प्रदुष्टान् (praduṣṭān) - corrupt, wicked, depraved

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of praduṣṭa

praduṣṭa - corrupt, wicked, depraved, bad

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle from pra-duṣ

Prefix: pra

Root: duṣ (class 4)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

नियच्छति (niyacchati) - restrains, controls

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of niyach

Present Active

Present 3rd singular active of niyach (from ni-yam)

Prefix: ni

Root: yam (class 1)

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - from that, therefore

(pronoun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

उद्विजते (udvijate) - trembles, is alarmed, recoils

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of udvij

Present Middle

Present 3rd singular middle of ud-vij

Prefix: ud

Root: vij (class 6)

लोकः (lokaḥ) - people, world, populace

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, people, community, populace

सर्पात् (sarpāt) - from a snake

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of sarpa

sarpa - snake, serpent

Root: sṛp (class 1)

वेश्मगतात् (veśmagatāt) - from one who has entered the house

(adjective)

Ablative, masculine, singular of veśmagata

veśmagata - one who has entered the house

Past Passive Participle

Compound of veśman (house) and gata (gone/entered - PPP of gam)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (veśman+gata)

• veśman – house, dwelling
  noun (neuter)
• gata – gone, reached, entered
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle from gam
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies sarpāt

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)