महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-10, verse-4

यदीमां भवतो बुद्धिं विद्याम वयमीदृशीम् ।
शस्त्रं नैव ग्रहीष्यामो न वधिष्याम कंचन ॥४॥

4. yadīmāṁ bhavato buddhiṁ vidyāma vayamīdṛśīm ,
śastraṁ naiva grahīṣyāmo na vadhiṣyāma kaṁcana.

4. yadi imām bhavataḥ buddhim vidyāma vayam īdṛśīm |
śastram na eva grahīṣyāmaḥ na vadhiṣyāma kañcana

4. yadi vayam bhavataḥ īdṛśīm imām buddhim vidyāma,
(tadā) śastram na eva grahīṣyāmaḥ,
na kañcana vadhiṣyāma.

4. If we had known your intention (buddhi) to be of this kind, we would certainly not take up weapons, nor would we kill anyone.

Words meanings summery:

• यदि (yadi) - if (if, in case)

• इमाम् (imām) - this (intention) (this, these)

• भवतः (bhavataḥ) - your (honorific) (of your honor, of you (respectful))

• बुद्धिम् (buddhim) - intention (intelligence, understanding, intention, mind)

• विद्याम (vidyāma) - had we known (may we know, should we know)

• वयम् (vayam) - we

• ईदृशीम् (īdṛśīm) - of this kind (such, of this kind, like this)

• शस्त्रम् (śastram) - weapons (weapon, instrument)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• एव (eva) - certainly (certainly, indeed, only)

• ग्रहीष्यामः (grahīṣyāmaḥ) - we would take up (we will seize, we will take, we will grasp)

• न (na) - nor (not, no)

• वधिष्याम (vadhiṣyāma) - we would kill (we will kill)

• कञ्चन (kañcana) - anyone (anyone, someone, anything)

Words meanings and morphology

यदि (yadi) - if (if, in case)

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a conditional clause.

इमाम् (imām) - this (intention) (this, these)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of idam

idam - this, these

भवतः (bhavataḥ) - your (honorific) (of your honor, of you (respectful))

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhavat

bhavat - your honor, you (respectful)

Genitive singular of bhavat (present participle of bhū 'to be', used as honorific pronoun)

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Expresses possession for 'you' (honorific).

बुद्धिम् (buddhim) - intention (intelligence, understanding, intention, mind)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of buddhi

buddhi - intelligence, understanding, intention, mind

From root budh (to know, understand)

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Object of 'vidyāma'.

विद्याम (vidyāma) - had we known (may we know, should we know)

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of vid

Optative Mood

1st person plural, optative mood, active voice (parasmaipada). Used here for a hypothetical condition.

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Expresses a wish or possibility, here part of a past counterfactual conditional.

वयम् (vayam) - we

(pronoun)

Nominative, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Subject of 'vidyāma'.

ईदृशीम् (īdṛśīm) - of this kind (such, of this kind, like this)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of īdṛś

īdṛś - such, of this kind, like this

शस्त्रम् (śastram) - weapons (weapon, instrument)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śastra

śastra - weapon, instrument

From root śas (to cut, kill)

Root: śas

Note: Object of 'grahīṣyāmaḥ'.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the verb 'grahīṣyāmaḥ'.

एव (eva) - certainly (certainly, indeed, only)

(indeclinable)

ग्रहीष्यामः (grahīṣyāmaḥ) - we would take up (we will seize, we will take, we will grasp)

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, future (lṛṭ) of grah

Future Tense

1st person plural, future tense, active voice (lṛṭ). Used in a conditional sense.

Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Refers to taking up weapons.

न (na) - nor (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects to the previous negation.

वधिष्याम (vadhiṣyāma) - we would kill (we will kill)

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, future (lṛṭ) of vadh

Future Tense

1st person plural, future tense, active voice (lṛṭ). The expected ending 'ḥ' is omitted, likely for poetic meter.

Root: vadh (class 1)

Note: Here, in a conditional sense 'would kill'.

कञ्चन (kañcana) - anyone (anyone, someone, anything)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kañcana

kañcana - anyone, someone, anything

Compound of 'kim' + 'cana'

Compound type : avyayībhāva (kim+cana)

• kim – who, what, which
  pronoun (neuter)
• cana – even, also, and, indeed (particle)
  indeclinable

Note: Object of 'vadhiṣyāma'.