महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-10, verse-17

आपत्काले हि संन्यासः कर्तव्य इति शिष्यते ।
जरयाभिपरीतेन शत्रुभिर्व्यंसितेन च ॥१७॥

17. āpatkāle hi saṁnyāsaḥ kartavya iti śiṣyate ,
jarayābhiparītena śatrubhirvyaṁsitena ca.

17. āpatkāle hi saṃnyāsaḥ kartavyaḥ iti śiṣyate
jarayā abhiparītena śatrubhiḥ vyaṃsitena ca

17. hi āpatkāle jarayā abhiparītena ca śatrubhiḥ
vyaṃsitena iti saṃnyāsaḥ kartavyaḥ śiṣyate

17. Indeed, it is taught that renunciation (saṃnyāsa) is to be undertaken in times of calamity, especially by one who is overwhelmed by old age and harassed by enemies.

Words meanings summery:

• आपत्काले (āpatkāle) - in times of distress, in times of calamity

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely

• संन्यासः (saṁnyāsaḥ) - renunciation (saṃnyāsa)

• कर्तव्यः (kartavyaḥ) - should be done, ought to be practiced

• इति (iti) - thus, so, that

• शिष्यते (śiṣyate) - it is taught, it is enjoined

• जरया (jarayā) - by old age

• अभिपरीतेन (abhiparītena) - by one who is overcome, surrounded

• शत्रुभिः (śatrubhiḥ) - by enemies

• व्यंसितेन (vyaṁsitena) - by one who is afflicted, harassed, destroyed

• च (ca) - and

Words meanings and morphology

आपत्काले (āpatkāle) - in times of distress, in times of calamity

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of āpatkāla

āpatkāla - time of distress, period of calamity

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (āpad+kāla)

• āpad – calamity, misfortune, distress
  noun (feminine)
• kāla – time, season
  noun (masculine)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely

(indeclinable)

संन्यासः (saṁnyāsaḥ) - renunciation (saṃnyāsa)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃnyāsa

saṁnyāsa - renunciation, abandonment, asceticism

From 'saṃ-' + 'ni-' + root 'as' (to throw).

Prefixes: sam+ni

Root: as (class 4)

कर्तव्यः (kartavyaḥ) - should be done, ought to be practiced

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kartavya

kartavya - to be done, fit to be done, proper

Gerundive

Future Passive Participle from root 'kṛ' (to do, make) with suffix '-tavya'.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

इति (iti) - thus, so, that

(indeclinable)

शिष्यते (śiṣyate) - it is taught, it is enjoined

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of śās

Root: śās (class 2)

जरया (jarayā) - by old age

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of jarā

jarā - old age, decay

अभिपरीतेन (abhiparītena) - by one who is overcome, surrounded

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of abhiparīta

abhiparīta - overwhelmed, surrounded, encompassed

Past Passive Participle

From root 'i' (to go) with prefixes 'abhi-' and 'pari-'.

Prefixes: abhi+pari

Root: i (class 2)

शत्रुभिः (śatrubhiḥ) - by enemies

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śatru

śatru - enemy, foe

व्यंसितेन (vyaṁsitena) - by one who is afflicted, harassed, destroyed

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vyaṃsita

vyaṁsita - afflicted, harassed, destroyed, overcome

Past Passive Participle

From root 'aṃs' (to afflict, destroy) with prefix 'vi-'.

Prefix: vi

Root: aṃs (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)