महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-11, chapter-9, verse-17

ताभिः परिवृतो राजा रुदतीभिः सहस्रशः ।
निर्ययौ नगराद्दीनस्तूर्णमायोधनं प्रति ॥१७॥

17. tābhiḥ parivṛto rājā rudatībhiḥ sahasraśaḥ ,
niryayau nagarāddīnastūrṇamāyodhanaṁ prati.

17. tābhiḥ parivṛtaḥ rājā rudatībhiḥ sahasraśaḥ
niryayau nagarāt dīnaḥ tūrṇam āyodhanam prati

17. dīnaḥ rājā tābhiḥ rudatībhiḥ sahasraśaḥ
parivṛtaḥ nagarāt tūrṇam āyodhanam prati niryayau

17. The sorrowful king, surrounded by thousands of those weeping women, quickly departed from the city towards the battlefield.

Words meanings summery:

• ताभिः (tābhiḥ) - by those (feminine plural)

• परिवृतः (parivṛtaḥ) - surrounded, encompassed

• राजा (rājā) - king

• रुदतीभिः (rudatībhiḥ) - by the weeping women (by (those) weeping)

• सहस्रशः (sahasraśaḥ) - by thousands, in thousands

• निर्ययौ (niryayau) - he went out, he departed

• नगरात् (nagarāt) - from the city

• दीनः (dīnaḥ) - sorrowful, wretched, dejected, miserable

• तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly

• आयोधनम् (āyodhanam) - battlefield, place of battle

• प्रति (prati) - towards, against, in the direction of

Words meanings and morphology

ताभिः (tābhiḥ) - by those (feminine plural)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, feminine, plural of tad

tad - that, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

परिवृतः (parivṛtaḥ) - surrounded, encompassed

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parivṛta

parivṛta - covered, surrounded, encompassed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root vṛ (to cover, encompass) with the prefix pari.

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛ (class 5)

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, prince

रुदतीभिः (rudatībhiḥ) - by the weeping women (by (those) weeping)

(participle)

Instrumental, feminine, plural of rudatī

rudatī - weeping, crying (feminine)

Present Active Participle (feminine)

Derived from the root rud (to weep, to cry) and the present participle suffix -at, with feminine suffix -ī.

Root: rud (class 2)

सहस्रशः (sahasraśaḥ) - by thousands, in thousands

(indeclinable)

Formed from sahasra (thousand) with the suffix -śaḥ denoting 'by means of' or 'in numbers of'.

निर्ययौ (niryayau) - he went out, he departed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of nir-i

Perfect tense form of the root i with the prefix nir.

Prefix: nir

Root: i (class 2)

नगरात् (nagarāt) - from the city

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of nagara

nagara - city, town

दीनः (dīnaḥ) - sorrowful, wretched, dejected, miserable

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dīna

dīna - poor, wretched, miserable, dejected, sorrowful

Past passive participle of the root dī (to perish, to be worn out).

Root: dī (class 4)

तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly

(indeclinable)

Root: tvṛ (class 1)

आयोधनम् (āyodhanam) - battlefield, place of battle

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of āyodhana

āyodhana - battlefield, place of fighting, weapon

Derived from the root yudh (to fight) with the prefix ā, often refers to the 'place of fighting'.

Prefix: ā

Root: yudh (class 4)

प्रति (prati) - towards, against, in the direction of

(indeclinable)