महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-11, chapter-2, verse-16

न जानपदिकं दुःखमेकः शोचितुमर्हसि ।
अप्यभावेन युज्येत तच्चास्य न निवर्तते ॥१६॥

16. na jānapadikaṁ duḥkhamekaḥ śocitumarhasi ,
apyabhāvena yujyeta taccāsya na nivartate.

16. na jānapadikam duḥkham ekaḥ śocitum arhasi
api abhāvena yujyeta tat ca asya na nivartate

16. ekaḥ jānapadikam duḥkham śocitum na arhasi
api abhāvena yujyeta tat ca asya na nivartate

16. You alone should not grieve over a general public misfortune. Even if one were to be joined with utter annihilation, that misfortune would still not cease for him.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• जानपदिकम् (jānapadikam) - Refers to a widespread or public misfortune. (belonging to a country/region, public, common, provincial)

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, suffering, pain, misery, misfortune

• एकः (ekaḥ) - Emphasizes 'you alone'. (one, alone, single)

• शोचितुम् (śocitum) - to grieve, to lament, to mourn

• अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought, you are able, you deserve

• अपि (api) - Introduces a concessive clause 'even if'. (even, also, although)

• अभावेन (abhāvena) - Implies utter destruction or death. (by non-existence, by annihilation, by absence)

• युज्येत (yujyeta) - Implies 'one might perish' or 'one might be associated with destruction'. (one might be joined, one might be associated, one might attain)

• तत् (tat) - Refers back to `jānapadikaṃ duḥkham` (the public misfortune). (that, it)

• च (ca) - Connects clauses, implies 'still' or 'nevertheless'. (and, but, also)

• अस्य (asya) - Refers to the person who might be joined with annihilation. (of him, of it)

• न (na) - not

• निवर्तते (nivartate) - it turns back, it ceases, it disappears, it retreats

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

जानपदिकम् (jānapadikam) - Refers to a widespread or public misfortune. (belonging to a country/region, public, common, provincial)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of jānapadika

jānapadika - belonging to a country/region, public, common, provincial

From janapada (country, region) + ṭhak (suffix)

Note: Qualifies `duḥkham`.

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, suffering, pain, misery, misfortune

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - pain, sorrow, suffering, misery, misfortune

Note: Object of grieving.

एकः (ekaḥ) - Emphasizes 'you alone'. (one, alone, single)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of eka

eka - one, single, alone, unique, chief

Note: Refers to the implied subject 'you'.

शोचितुम् (śocitum) - to grieve, to lament, to mourn

(verbal noun)

Note: Used with `arhasi` (you ought).

अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought, you are able, you deserve

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Present Tense

Root arh, 1st class

Root: arh (class 1)

Note: Used with an infinitive to express obligation or fitness.

अपि (api) - Introduces a concessive clause 'even if'. (even, also, although)

(indeclinable)

अभावेन (abhāvena) - Implies utter destruction or death. (by non-existence, by annihilation, by absence)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of abhāva

abhāva - non-existence, absence, annihilation, destruction

Negative prefix 'a' + bhāva (existence)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+bhāva)

• a – not, un-, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• bhāva – being, existence, state, feeling, nature
  noun (masculine)
  From root bhū (to be)
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Denotes the means or cause of being joined with.

युज्येत (yujyeta) - Implies 'one might perish' or 'one might be associated with destruction'. (one might be joined, one might be associated, one might attain)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of yuj

Optative Mood

Root yuj, 7th class, passive voice

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: The passive construction 'yujyeta abhāvena' means 'might be joined by non-existence'.

तत् (tat) - Refers back to `jānapadikaṃ duḥkham` (the public misfortune). (that, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Subject of `nivartate`.

च (ca) - Connects clauses, implies 'still' or 'nevertheless'. (and, but, also)

(indeclinable)

अस्य (asya) - Refers to the person who might be joined with annihilation. (of him, of it)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

निवर्तते (nivartate) - it turns back, it ceases, it disappears, it retreats

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of nivṛt

Present Tense

Root vṛt with prefix ni, Ātmanepada

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)