महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-11, chapter-2, verse-11

न यज्ञैर्दक्षिणावद्भिर्न तपोभिर्न विद्यया ।
स्वर्गं यान्ति तथा मर्त्या यथा शूरा रणे हताः ॥११॥

11. na yajñairdakṣiṇāvadbhirna tapobhirna vidyayā ,
svargaṁ yānti tathā martyā yathā śūrā raṇe hatāḥ.

11. na yajñaiḥ dakṣiṇāvadbhiḥ na tapobhiḥ na vidyayā
svargam yānti tathā martyāḥ yathā śūrāḥ raṇe hatāḥ

11. martyāḥ dakṣiṇāvadbhiḥ yajñaiḥ na tapobhiḥ na
vidyayā na tathā svargam yānti yathā raṇe hatāḥ śūrāḥ

11. Mortals do not attain heaven by means of rituals (yajñaiḥ) accompanied by generous fees (dakṣiṇāvadbhiḥ), nor by ascetic practices (tapas), nor by knowledge, in the same way that heroes killed in battle do.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• यज्ञैः (yajñaiḥ) - by sacrifices, by rituals

• दक्षिणावद्भिः (dakṣiṇāvadbhiḥ) - with fees, with offerings, accompanied by gifts

• न (na) - not, no

• तपोभिः (tapobhiḥ) - by austerities, by ascetic practices

• न (na) - not, no

• विद्यया (vidyayā) - by knowledge, through learning

• स्वर्गम् (svargam) - heaven, celestial world

• यान्ति (yānti) - they go, they attain

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner, in the same way

• मर्त्याः (martyāḥ) - mortals, human beings

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as, in which way

• शूराः (śūrāḥ) - heroes, brave men

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war

• हताः (hatāḥ) - killed, slain

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

यज्ञैः (yajñaiḥ) - by sacrifices, by rituals

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of yajña

yajña - sacrifice, ritual, worship, offering (yajña)

From root yaj (to sacrifice)

Root: yaj (class 1)

दक्षिणावद्भिः (dakṣiṇāvadbhiḥ) - with fees, with offerings, accompanied by gifts

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of dakṣiṇāvat

dakṣiṇāvat - possessing sacrificial fees/gifts, accompanied by dakṣiṇā, having offerings

From dakṣiṇā (sacrificial fee, gift) with possessive suffix -vat

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

तपोभिः (tapobhiḥ) - by austerities, by ascetic practices

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of tapas

tapas - austerity, asceticism, penance, heat, spiritual fervor (tapas)

From root tap (to heat, suffer penance)

Root: tap (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

विद्यया (vidyayā) - by knowledge, through learning

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of vidyā

vidyā - knowledge, learning, science, wisdom

From root vid (to know)

Root: vid (class 2)

स्वर्गम् (svargam) - heaven, celestial world

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of svarga

svarga - heaven, abode of the gods, celestial region

यान्ति (yānti) - they go, they attain

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of yā

Present tense, 3rd person plural, active voice

From root yā (to go)

Root: yā (class 2)

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner, in the same way

(indeclinable)

Correlative to yathā

मर्त्याः (martyāḥ) - mortals, human beings

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of martya

martya - mortal, human being

From root mṛ (to die)

Root: mṛ (class 6)

यथा (yathā) - as, just as, in which way

(indeclinable)

Correlative to tathā

शूराः (śūrāḥ) - heroes, brave men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śūra

śūra - hero, brave, valiant, warrior

Root: śūr (class 10)

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, conflict, struggle

Root: raṇ (class 1)

हताः (hatāḥ) - killed, slain

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hata

hata - killed, slain, destroyed, struck

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root han (to strike, kill)

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with śūrāḥ.