महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-11, chapter-2, verse-7

सर्वे स्वाध्यायवन्तो हि सर्वे च चरितव्रताः ।
सर्वे चाभिमुखाः क्षीणास्तत्र का परिदेवना ॥७॥

7. sarve svādhyāyavanto hi sarve ca caritavratāḥ ,
sarve cābhimukhāḥ kṣīṇāstatra kā paridevanā.

7. sarve svādhyāyavantaḥ hi sarve ca caritavratāḥ
sarve ca abhimukhāḥ kṣīṇāḥ tatra kā paridevanā

7. hi sarve svādhyāyavantaḥ ca sarve caritavratāḥ
ca sarve abhimukhāḥ kṣīṇāḥ tatra kā paridevanā

7. Indeed, all of them were diligent in their personal study (svādhyāya), and all had observed their sacred vows. All of them faced the enemy and perished, so what cause for lamentation is there concerning them?

Words meanings summery:

• सर्वे (sarve) - all of them (the slain warriors) (all, everyone)

• स्वाध्यायवन्तः (svādhyāyavantaḥ) - dedicated to Vedic study (svādhyāya) (those possessing self-study, diligent in Vedic study)

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• सर्वे (sarve) - all of them (the slain warriors) (all, everyone)

• च (ca) - and, also

• चरितव्रताः (caritavratāḥ) - those who had observed their sacred vows (those who have observed vows, fulfilled sacred duties)

• सर्वे (sarve) - all of them (the slain warriors) (all, everyone)

• च (ca) - and, also

• अभिमुखाः (abhimukhāḥ) - facing the enemy (in battle) (facing towards, turned towards, facing the enemy)

• क्षीणाः (kṣīṇāḥ) - perished (in battle) (wasted, diminished, perished, exhausted)

• तत्र (tatra) - regarding that (their death) (there, in that case, in that matter)

• का (kā) - what (feminine singular)

• परिदेवना (paridevanā) - cause for lamentation (lamentation, weeping, wailing)

Words meanings and morphology

सर्वे (sarve) - all of them (the slain warriors) (all, everyone)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Universal pronoun

स्वाध्यायवन्तः (svādhyāyavantaḥ) - dedicated to Vedic study (svādhyāya) (those possessing self-study, diligent in Vedic study)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of svādhyāyavat

svādhyāyavat - possessing self-study, devoted to Vedic recitation

Possessive adjective formed with `matup` suffix. `svādhyāya` itself is a compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+adhyāya)

• sva – own, self
  pronoun
• adhyāya – reading, study, lesson, chapter
  noun (masculine)
  Verbal noun
  Derived from root `ī` (to go) with prefix `adhi` and suffix `ghañ`.
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: ī (class 2)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

Particle

सर्वे (sarve) - all of them (the slain warriors) (all, everyone)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Universal pronoun

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

चरितव्रताः (caritavratāḥ) - those who had observed their sacred vows (those who have observed vows, fulfilled sacred duties)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of caritavrata

caritavrata - having observed a vow, having fulfilled a sacred duty

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'vow (vrata) has been performed (carita) by them'. `carita` is Past Passive Participle of `car`.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (carita+vrata)

• carita – performed, observed, practiced
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root `car` (to move, perform) with `kta` suffix.
  Root: car (class 1)
• vrata – vow, sacred duty, religious observance
  noun (neuter)

सर्वे (sarve) - all of them (the slain warriors) (all, everyone)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Universal pronoun

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

अभिमुखाः (abhimukhāḥ) - facing the enemy (in battle) (facing towards, turned towards, facing the enemy)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of abhimukha

abhimukha - facing towards, turned towards, confronted

Compound formed from prefix `abhi` and noun `mukha`.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (abhi+mukha)

• abhi – towards, against, upon
  indeclinable
  Preposition/prefix
• mukha – face, mouth, front
  noun (neuter)

क्षीणाः (kṣīṇāḥ) - perished (in battle) (wasted, diminished, perished, exhausted)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kṣīṇa

kṣīṇa - wasted, diminished, exhausted, perished, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `kṣi` (to decay, perish) with `kta` suffix.

Root: kṣi (class 5)

तत्र (tatra) - regarding that (their death) (there, in that case, in that matter)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial derivative from `tad`.

का (kā) - what (feminine singular)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kim

kim - what, who, which

Interrogative pronoun

परिदेवना (paridevanā) - cause for lamentation (lamentation, weeping, wailing)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of paridevanā

paridevanā - lamentation, wailing, mourning

From `pari` + root `div` (to play, to lament) + `ana` suffix.

Prefix: pari

Root: div (class 4)