महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-11, chapter-15, verse-19

तस्मिन्नपरिहार्येऽर्थे व्यतीते च विशेषतः ।
मा शुचो न हि शोच्यास्ते संग्रामे निधनं गताः ॥१९॥

19. tasminnaparihārye'rthe vyatīte ca viśeṣataḥ ,
mā śuco na hi śocyāste saṁgrāme nidhanaṁ gatāḥ.

19. tasmin aparihārye arthe vyatīte ca viśeṣataḥ mā
śucaḥ na hi śocyāḥ te saṃgrāme nidhanam gatāḥ

19. tasmin aparihārye arthe ca viśeṣataḥ vyatīte (sati) mā śucaḥ.
hi saṃgrāme nidhanam gatāḥ te na śocyāḥ.

19. Do not grieve over that unavoidable matter, which has now especially come to pass. For indeed, those who attained death in battle are not to be lamented.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that, upon that, concerning that

• अपरिहार्ये (aparihārye) - in the unavoidable, in the inevitable

• अर्थे (arthe) - in the matter, in the affair, in the purpose

• व्यतीते (vyatīte) - when it has passed, after it has elapsed

• च (ca) - and, also

• विशेषतः (viśeṣataḥ) - especially, particularly, in particular

• मा (mā) - do not, not

• शुचः (śucaḥ) - grieve, mourn

• न (na) - not, no

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because

• शोच्याः (śocyāḥ) - to be lamented, pitiable, to be grieved for

• ते (te) - those (who died in battle) (they, those)

• संग्रामे (saṁgrāme) - in battle, in war

• निधनम् (nidhanam) - death, demise, destruction

• गताः (gatāḥ) - attained death (gone, attained, reached)

Words meanings and morphology

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that, upon that, concerning that

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, that one

Note: Qualifies 'arthe'.

अपरिहार्ये (aparihārye) - in the unavoidable, in the inevitable

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of aparihārya

aparihārya - unavoidable, inevitable, not to be abandoned

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

From `pari-√hṛ` (to avoid, abandon) with negative prefix `a-`.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+parihārya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative particle.
• parihārya – to be avoided, to be abandoned
  adjective
  Gerundive
  From `pari-√hṛ` + suffix `-ya`.
  Prefix: pari
  Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'arthe'.

अर्थे (arthe) - in the matter, in the affair, in the purpose

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - purpose, meaning, matter, affair, wealth, object

Note: Indicates the general context.

व्यतीते (vyatīte) - when it has passed, after it has elapsed

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of vyatīta

vyatīta - passed, elapsed, gone by, transpired

Past Passive Participle

From `vi-ati-√i` (to go over, pass by).

Prefixes: vi+ati

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Qualifies `arthe`, indicating a completed action.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects 'vyatīte' with 'viśeṣataḥ' implying "and especially".

विशेषतः (viśeṣataḥ) - especially, particularly, in particular

(indeclinable)

Formed with suffix `tas` indicating "from/in respect of difference".

मा (mā) - do not, not

(indeclinable)

Negative particle used with imperative or injunctive to express prohibition.

शुचः (śucaḥ) - grieve, mourn

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of śuc

Injunctive, 2nd person singular

Root `śuc` (class 6). Used with `mā` for prohibition.

Root: śuc (class 6)

Note: Used with `mā` to express "do not grieve".

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

Note: Negates `śocyāḥ`.

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle, or causal conjunction.

Note: Provides reason for the preceding command.

शोच्याः (śocyāḥ) - to be lamented, pitiable, to be grieved for

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śocya

śocya - to be grieved for, pitiable, deplorable

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

From root `śuc` (to grieve) + suffix `ya`.

Root: śuc (class 6)

Note: Refers to 'te' (they).

ते (te) - those (who died in battle) (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Subject of the clause 'te na hi śocyāḥ'.

संग्रामे (saṁgrāme) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃgrāma

saṁgrāma - battle, war, conflict

From `sam-√grah` (to seize together, collect).

Prefix: sam

Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Indicates the place where death occurred.

निधनम् (nidhanam) - death, demise, destruction

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nidhana

nidhana - death, destruction, end, demise

From `ni-√dhā` (to place down, lay down).

Prefix: ni

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Object of `gatāḥ` (to attain death).

गताः (gatāḥ) - attained death (gone, attained, reached)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gata

gata - gone, arrived, reached, attained

Past Passive Participle

From root `gam` (to go).

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Predicates of 'te'.