महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-9, verse-6

देवदूत उवाच ।
अभिधत्से ह यद्वाचा रुरो दुःखेन तन्मृषा ।
न तु मर्त्यस्य धर्मात्मन्नायुरस्ति गतायुषः ॥६॥

6. devadūta uvāca ,
abhidhatse ha yadvācā ruro duḥkhena tanmṛṣā ,
na tu martyasya dharmātmannāyurasti gatāyuṣaḥ.

6. Devadūtaḥ uvāca abhidhatse ha yat vācā Ruro duḥkhena tat
mṛṣā na tu martyasya dharmātman na āyuḥ asti gatāyuṣaḥ

6. The divine messenger said: 'O Ruru, what you say in your sorrow is indeed futile. O virtuous one, for a mortal whose life has departed, there is simply no more life.'

Words meanings summery:

• देवदूतः (devadūtaḥ) - the specific divine messenger speaking (messenger of the gods)

• उवाच (uvāca) - the divine messenger spoke (he said, he spoke)

• अभिधत्से (abhidhatse) - you (Ruru) are saying this (you say, you declare, you speak)

• ह (ha) - indeed (emphatic) (indeed, surely, certainly)

• यत् (yat) - what (you say) (which, what, that)

• वाचा (vācā) - through your words (by speech, with words)

• रुरो (ruro) - addressing Ruru (O Ruru)

• दुःखेन (duḥkhena) - due to your sorrow (by sorrow, with pain)

• तत् (tat) - that (what you say) (that, it)

• मृषा (mṛṣā) - futile, untrue (false, vain, untrue)

• न (na) - not (negating the verb 'asti') (not, no)

• तु (tu) - but (introducing a contrasting statement) (but, on the other hand, indeed)

• मर्त्यस्य (martyasya) - for a human being (of a mortal, for a mortal)

• धर्मात्मन् (dharmātman) - addressing Ruru as a righteous person (O virtuous one, O righteous soul)

• न (na) - no (reiterating the negation) (not, no)

• आयुः (āyuḥ) - life (after death) (life, lifespan)

• अस्ति (asti) - exists, is present (is, exists)

• गतायुषः (gatāyuṣaḥ) - for one who is dead (of one whose life has gone, whose life is ended)

Words meanings and morphology

देवदूतः (devadūtaḥ) - the specific divine messenger speaking (messenger of the gods)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of Devadūta

Devadūta - messenger of the gods, divine envoy

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (deva+dūta)

• deva – god, deity, divine
  noun (masculine)
• dūta – messenger, envoy
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  From root du
  Root: du (class 2)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - the divine messenger spoke (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

अभिधत्से (abhidhatse) - you (Ruru) are saying this (you say, you declare, you speak)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of abhidhā

From root dhā with prefix abhi

Prefix: abhi

Root: dhā (class 3)

ह (ha) - indeed (emphatic) (indeed, surely, certainly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

यत् (yat) - what (you say) (which, what, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

Note: Object of 'abhidhatse'.

वाचा (vācā) - through your words (by speech, with words)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of vāc

vāc - speech, word, voice

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Denotes the means of speech.

रुरो (ruro) - addressing Ruru (O Ruru)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of Ruru

Ruru - Ruru (a proper name, here referring to a sage's son)

दुःखेन (duḥkhena) - due to your sorrow (by sorrow, with pain)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, pain, sorrow, misery

Note: Indicates cause.

तत् (tat) - that (what you say) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the statement made.

मृषा (mṛṣā) - futile, untrue (false, vain, untrue)

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not (negating the verb 'asti') (not, no)

(indeclinable)

तु (tu) - but (introducing a contrasting statement) (but, on the other hand, indeed)

(indeclinable)

मर्त्यस्य (martyasya) - for a human being (of a mortal, for a mortal)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of martya

martya - mortal, human being, man

धर्मात्मन् (dharmātman) - addressing Ruru as a righteous person (O virtuous one, O righteous soul)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dharmātman

dharmātman - righteous, virtuous, pious, possessing a virtuous nature

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dharma+ātman)

• dharma – duty, righteousness, virtue, law
  noun (masculine)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, nature
  noun (masculine)

न (na) - no (reiterating the negation) (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic negation.

आयुः (āyuḥ) - life (after death) (life, lifespan)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of āyus

āyus - life, vital power, duration of life

Note: Subject of 'asti'.

अस्ति (asti) - exists, is present (is, exists)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

गतायुषः (gatāyuṣaḥ) - for one who is dead (of one whose life has gone, whose life is ended)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of gatāyus

gatāyus - whose life has departed, dead, deceased

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (gata+āyus)

• gata – gone, departed, past
  adjective (masculine)
  past participle
  From root gam
  Root: gam (class 1)
• āyus – life, lifespan, vital power
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'martyasya'.