महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-9, verse-6

देवदूत उवाच ।
अभिधत्से ह यद्वाचा रुरो दुःखेन तन्मृषा ।
न तु मर्त्यस्य धर्मात्मन्नायुरस्ति गतायुषः ॥६॥

6. devadūta uvāca ,
abhidhatse ha yadvācā ruro duḥkhena tanmṛṣā ,
na tu martyasya dharmātmannāyurasti gatāyuṣaḥ.

6. Devadūtaḥ uvāca abhidhatse ha yat vācā Ruro duḥkhena tat
mṛṣā na tu martyasya dharmātman na āyuḥ asti gatāyuṣaḥ

6. The divine messenger said: 'O Ruru, what you say in your sorrow is indeed futile. O virtuous one, for a mortal whose life has departed, there is simply no more life.'

6. שליח האלים אמר, הו רוּרוּ, מה שאתה אומר בפיך מתוך צער הוא שווא. הו איש ישר דרך, אין חיים לבן תמותה שחייו תמו.

Words meanings summery:

• देवदूतः (devadūtaḥ) - the specific divine messenger speaking (messenger of the gods)

• उवाच (uvāca) - the divine messenger spoke (he said, he spoke)

• अभिधत्से (abhidhatse) - you (Ruru) are saying this (you say, you declare, you speak)

• ह (ha) - indeed (emphatic) (indeed, surely, certainly)

• यत् (yat) - what (you say) (which, what, that)

• वाचा (vācā) - through your words (by speech, with words)

• रुरो (ruro) - addressing Ruru (O Ruru)

• दुःखेन (duḥkhena) - due to your sorrow (by sorrow, with pain)

• तत् (tat) - that (what you say) (that, it)

• मृषा (mṛṣā) - futile, untrue (false, vain, untrue)

• न (na) - not (negating the verb 'asti') (not, no)

• तु (tu) - but (introducing a contrasting statement) (but, on the other hand, indeed)

• मर्त्यस्य (martyasya) - for a human being (of a mortal, for a mortal)

• धर्मात्मन् (dharmātman) - addressing Ruru as a righteous person (O virtuous one, O righteous soul)

• न (na) - no (reiterating the negation) (not, no)

• आयुः (āyuḥ) - life (after death) (life, lifespan)

• अस्ति (asti) - exists, is present (is, exists)

• गतायुषः (gatāyuṣaḥ) - for one who is dead (of one whose life has gone, whose life is ended)

Words meanings and morphology

देवदूतः (devadūtaḥ) - the specific divine messenger speaking (messenger of the gods)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of Devadūta

Devadūta - messenger of the gods, divine envoy

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (deva+dūta)

• deva – god, deity, divine
  noun (masculine)
• dūta – messenger, envoy
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  From root du
  Root: du (class 2)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - the divine messenger spoke (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

अभिधत्से (abhidhatse) - you (Ruru) are saying this (you say, you declare, you speak)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of abhidhā

From root dhā with prefix abhi

Prefix: abhi

Root: dhā (class 3)

ह (ha) - indeed (emphatic) (indeed, surely, certainly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

यत् (yat) - what (you say) (which, what, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

Note: Object of 'abhidhatse'.

वाचा (vācā) - through your words (by speech, with words)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of vāc

vāc - speech, word, voice

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Denotes the means of speech.

रुरो (ruro) - addressing Ruru (O Ruru)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of Ruru

Ruru - Ruru (a proper name, here referring to a sage's son)

दुःखेन (duḥkhena) - due to your sorrow (by sorrow, with pain)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, pain, sorrow, misery

Note: Indicates cause.

तत् (tat) - that (what you say) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the statement made.

मृषा (mṛṣā) - futile, untrue (false, vain, untrue)

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not (negating the verb 'asti') (not, no)

(indeclinable)

तु (tu) - but (introducing a contrasting statement) (but, on the other hand, indeed)

(indeclinable)

मर्त्यस्य (martyasya) - for a human being (of a mortal, for a mortal)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of martya

martya - mortal, human being, man

धर्मात्मन् (dharmātman) - addressing Ruru as a righteous person (O virtuous one, O righteous soul)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dharmātman

dharmātman - righteous, virtuous, pious, possessing a virtuous nature

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dharma+ātman)

• dharma – duty, righteousness, virtue, law
  noun (masculine)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, nature
  noun (masculine)

न (na) - no (reiterating the negation) (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic negation.

आयुः (āyuḥ) - life (after death) (life, lifespan)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of āyus

āyus - life, vital power, duration of life

Note: Subject of 'asti'.

अस्ति (asti) - exists, is present (is, exists)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

गतायुषः (gatāyuṣaḥ) - for one who is dead (of one whose life has gone, whose life is ended)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of gatāyus

gatāyus - whose life has departed, dead, deceased

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (gata+āyus)

• gata – gone, departed, past
  adjective (masculine)
  past participle
  From root gam
  Root: gam (class 1)
• āyus – life, lifespan, vital power
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'martyasya'.

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