महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-9, verse-21

तत उद्यम्य दण्डं स कालदण्डोपमं तदा ।
अभ्यघ्नद्रुषितो विप्रस्तमुवाचाथ डुण्डुभः ॥२१॥

21. tata udyamya daṇḍaṁ sa kāladaṇḍopamaṁ tadā ,
abhyaghnadruṣito viprastamuvācātha ḍuṇḍubhaḥ.

21. tataḥ udyamya daṇḍam sa kāladaṇḍopamam tadā
abhyaghnat ruṣitaḥ vipraḥ tam uvāca atha duṇḍubhaḥ

21. Then, having raised a staff comparable to the staff of Death, that enraged brahmin (Ruru) struck it. Thereupon, the Duṇḍubha spoke to him.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence)

• उद्यम्य (udyamya) - having raised (having raised, having lifted up)

• दण्डम् (daṇḍam) - a staff (staff, stick, rod)

• स (sa) - he (Ruru) (he, that)

• कालदण्डोपमम् (kāladaṇḍopamam) - comparable to the staff of Death (comparable to the staff of Death (Kāla))

• तदा (tadā) - at that time, then (then, at that time)

• अभ्यघ्नत् (abhyaghnat) - he struck (he struck, he killed)

• रुषितः (ruṣitaḥ) - enraged (enraged, angry, furious)

• विप्रः (vipraḥ) - the brahmin (Ruru) (brahmin, inspired, wise)

• तम् (tam) - to him (Ruru) (him, that)

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke (he said, he spoke)

• अथ (atha) - thereupon (thereupon, then, now)

• दुण्डुभः (duṇḍubhaḥ) - the Duṇḍubha (snake) (a kind of large snake, python)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence)

(indeclinable)

उद्यम्य (udyamya) - having raised (having raised, having lifted up)

(indeclinable)

Prefix: ud

Root: yam (class 1)

दण्डम् (daṇḍam) - a staff (staff, stick, rod)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of daṇḍa

daṇḍa - staff, stick, rod, punishment

स (sa) - he (Ruru) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

कालदण्डोपमम् (kāladaṇḍopamam) - comparable to the staff of Death (comparable to the staff of Death (Kāla))

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kāladaṇḍopama

kāladaṇḍopama - resembling the staff of Death, like Kāla's mace

Compound type : upama-samāsa (kāladaṇḍa+upama)

• kāladaṇḍa – staff of Death, Yama's mace
  noun (masculine)
• upama – resemblance, comparison, simile
  noun/adjective
  from root mā- (to measure) with prefix upa-
  Prefix: upa
  Root: mā (class 3)

Note: agrees with daṇḍam

तदा (tadā) - at that time, then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

अभ्यघ्नत् (abhyaghnat) - he struck (he struck, he killed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of han

Prefix: abhi

Root: han (class 2)

Note: 3rd singular imperfect active of abhi-han

रुषितः (ruṣitaḥ) - enraged (enraged, angry, furious)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ruṣita

ruṣita - enraged, angry, furious

past participle

from root ruṣ- (to be angry)

Root: ruṣ (class 4)

Note: agrees with vipraḥ

विप्रः (vipraḥ) - the brahmin (Ruru) (brahmin, inspired, wise)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vipra

vipra - brahmin, inspired, wise, priest

तम् (tam) - to him (Ruru) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: object of uvāca, can be dative equivalent for verbs of speaking

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: 3rd singular perfect active of vac

अथ (atha) - thereupon (thereupon, then, now)

(indeclinable)

दुण्डुभः (duṇḍubhaḥ) - the Duṇḍubha (snake) (a kind of large snake, python)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duṇḍubha

duṇḍubha - a kind of large non-poisonous snake, python

Note: subject of uvāca