महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-9, verse-3

शेते सा भुवि तन्वङ्गी मम शोकविवर्धिनी ।
बान्धवानां च सर्वेषां किं नु दुःखमतः परम् ॥३॥

3. śete sā bhuvi tanvaṅgī mama śokavivardhinī ,
bāndhavānāṁ ca sarveṣāṁ kiṁ nu duḥkhamataḥ param.

3. śete sā bhuvi tanvaṅgī mama śokavivardhinī
bāndhavānām ca sarveṣām kim nu duḥkham ataḥ param

3. She, with her delicate body, who only increases my sorrow, lies on the ground. What greater grief than this could there be for all our relatives?

Words meanings summery:

• शेते (śete) - Pramadvarā lies (dead) (she lies, she sleeps)

• सा (sā) - Pramadvarā (she)

• भुवि (bhuvi) - on the ground (where she has died) (on the earth, on the ground)

• तन्वङ्गी (tanvaṅgī) - she (Pramadvarā) with her delicate body (slender-bodied, delicate-limbed)

• मम (mama) - my (sorrow) (my, of me)

• शोकविवर्धिनी (śokavivardhinī) - she who intensifies my sorrow (she who increases sorrow)

• बान्धवानाम् (bāndhavānām) - for all our relatives (of relatives, kin)

• च (ca) - and (connecting bāndhavānām and sarveṣām) (and, also)

• सर्वेषाम् (sarveṣām) - of all (relatives) (of all)

• किम् (kim) - what (greater sorrow)? (what? why?)

• नु (nu) - indeed (emphatic) (indeed, now, then)

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - (this) sorrow (sorrow, pain, misery)

• अतः (ataḥ) - than this (sorrow) (from this, than this, therefore)

• परम् (param) - greater (than this sorrow) (greater, higher, beyond, superior)

Words meanings and morphology

शेते (śete) - Pramadvarā lies (dead) (she lies, she sleeps)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of śī

Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Root śī (to lie) is ātmanepada.

सा (sā) - Pramadvarā (she)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Pramadvarā.

भुवि (bhuvi) - on the ground (where she has died) (on the earth, on the ground)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhū

bhū - earth, ground, land

तन्वङ्गी (tanvaṅgī) - she (Pramadvarā) with her delicate body (slender-bodied, delicate-limbed)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tanvaṅgī

tanvaṅgī - a woman with a slender or delicate body

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tanu+aṅga)

• tanu – slender, thin, delicate; body
  adjective (neuter)
• aṅga – limb, body, part
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'sā'.

मम (mama) - my (sorrow) (my, of me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of aham

aham - I

Note: Possessive.

शोकविवर्धिनी (śokavivardhinī) - she who intensifies my sorrow (she who increases sorrow)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śokavivardhinī

śokavivardhinī - increasing sorrow, causing sorrow to grow

agent noun

Feminine form of śokavivardhin, from śoka (sorrow) + vi-vṛdh (to grow, increase)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śoka+vivardhin)

• śoka – grief, sorrow, distress
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• vivardhinī – increasing, causing to grow
  adjective (feminine)
  agent noun
  From root vṛdh with prefix vi, feminine form
  Prefix: vi
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'sā'.

बान्धवानाम् (bāndhavānām) - for all our relatives (of relatives, kin)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of bāndhava

bāndhava - relative, kinsman

च (ca) - and (connecting bāndhavānām and sarveṣām) (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'bāndhavānām' to 'sarveṣām'.

सर्वेषाम् (sarveṣām) - of all (relatives) (of all)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Qualifies 'bāndhavānām'.

किम् (kim) - what (greater sorrow)? (what? why?)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, who; why

Note: Interrogative.

नु (nu) - indeed (emphatic) (indeed, now, then)

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative particle, emphasizing the question.

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - (this) sorrow (sorrow, pain, misery)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, pain, sorrow, misery

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'asti'.

अतः (ataḥ) - than this (sorrow) (from this, than this, therefore)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used in comparison.

परम् (param) - greater (than this sorrow) (greater, higher, beyond, superior)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of para

para - other, another, superior, supreme, greater

Note: Qualifies 'duḥkham'.