महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-9, verse-12

सूत उवाच ।
ततो गन्धर्वराजश्च देवदूतश्च सत्तमौ ।
धर्मराजमुपेत्येदं वचनं प्रत्यभाषताम् ॥१२॥

12. sūta uvāca ,
tato gandharvarājaśca devadūtaśca sattamau ,
dharmarājamupetyedaṁ vacanaṁ pratyabhāṣatām.

12. sūtaḥ uvāca tataḥ gandharvarājaḥ ca devadūtaḥ ca
sattamau dharmarājam upetya idam vacanam pratyabhāṣatām

12. Sūta said: Then, the king of the Gandharvas and Devadūta, both excellent beings, approached Dharmarāja and addressed him with these words.

12. סוּטַה אמר, אז מלך הגַנְדְהַרְוַה ושליח האלים, שני הטובים, ניגשו אל דְהַרְמַרָאג׳ַה ואמרו לו את הדברים האלה.

Words meanings summery:

• सूतः (sūtaḥ) - Sūta (the narrator of the Mahābhārata) (charioteer, bard, Sūta (proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, from there, therefore)

• गन्धर्वराजः (gandharvarājaḥ) - the king of the Gandharvas (king of Gandharvas)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• देवदूतः (devadūtaḥ) - Devadūta (proper name, a particular Gandharva) (messenger of the gods, Devadūta (proper name))

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• सत्तमौ (sattamau) - the two excellent beings (the two best, excellent ones)

• धर्मराजम् (dharmarājam) - Dharmarāja (Yama, the god of death and justice) (king of Dharma, Yama, Dharmarāja (proper name))

• उपेत्य (upetya) - having approached

• इदम् (idam) - these (this)

• वचनम् (vacanam) - words (word, speech, saying)

• प्रत्यभाषताम् (pratyabhāṣatām) - they (two) addressed him (they (two) spoke in return, replied)

Words meanings and morphology

सूतः (sūtaḥ) - Sūta (the narrator of the Mahābhārata) (charioteer, bard, Sūta (proper name))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sūta

sūta - charioteer, bard, a class of mixed caste, Sūta (proper name)

from root sū 'to impel, to give birth' or sūc 'to indicate'

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, from there, therefore)

(indeclinable)

ablative from tad

गन्धर्वराजः (gandharvarājaḥ) - the king of the Gandharvas (king of Gandharvas)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gandharvarāja

gandharvarāja - king of Gandharvas

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gandharva+rājan)

• gandharva – celestial musician, Gandharva (a class of demigods)
  noun (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

देवदूतः (devadūtaḥ) - Devadūta (proper name, a particular Gandharva) (messenger of the gods, Devadūta (proper name))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of devadūta

devadūta - messenger of the gods, Devadūta (proper name)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (deva+dūta)

• deva – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
• dūta – messenger, envoy
  noun (masculine)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

सत्तमौ (sattamau) - the two excellent beings (the two best, excellent ones)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of sattama

sattama - best, excellent, most eminent

superlative of sat (good)

Note: Refers to both Gandharvarāja and Devadūta

धर्मराजम् (dharmarājam) - Dharmarāja (Yama, the god of death and justice) (king of Dharma, Yama, Dharmarāja (proper name))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharmarāja

dharmarāja - king of Dharma, Yama (god of justice and death)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+rājan)

• dharma – duty, righteousness, law, virtue
  noun (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

उपेत्य (upetya) - having approached

(indeclinable)

Prefix: upa

Root: i (class 2)

इदम् (idam) - these (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this

Note: Refers to 'vacanam'

वचनम् (vacanam) - words (word, speech, saying)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - word, speech, saying, declaration

action noun

from root vac 'to speak'

Root: vac (class 2)

प्रत्यभाषताम् (pratyabhāṣatām) - they (two) addressed him (they (two) spoke in return, replied)

(verb)

3rd person , dual, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of prati-bhāṣ

Prefix: prati

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

Note: Prefix prati implies 'in reply' or 'back'.

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