महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-85, verse-4

ययातिरुवाच ।
इमं भौमं नरकं ते पतन्ति लालप्यमाना नरदेव सर्वे ।
ते कङ्कगोमायुबलाशनार्थं क्षीणा विवृद्धिं बहुधा व्रजन्ति ॥४॥

4. yayātiruvāca ,
imaṁ bhaumaṁ narakaṁ te patanti; lālapyamānā naradeva sarve ,
te kaṅkagomāyubalāśanārthaṁ; kṣīṇā vivṛddhiṁ bahudhā vrajanti.

4. yayātiḥ uvāca | imam bhaumam narakam
te patanti lālapyamānāḥ naradeva
sarve | te kaṅkagomāyubalāśanārtham
kṣīṇāḥ vivṛddhim bahudhā vrajanti

4. King Yayāti said: "O king, all those who fall into this earthly hell, lamenting loudly, become emaciated. They then repeatedly experience various kinds of regeneration to be consumed by vultures, jackals, and crows."

Words meanings summery:

• ययातिः (yayātiḥ) - Yayāti (a legendary king)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• इमम् (imam) - this

• भौमम् (bhaumam) - earthly, terrestrial

• नरकम् (narakam) - hell, underworld

• ते (te) - they

• पतन्ति (patanti) - they fall, they descend

• लालप्यमानाः (lālapyamānāḥ) - lamenting loudly, crying out

• नरदेव (naradeva) - O king (literally, god of men)

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, every

• ते (te) - they

• कङ्कगोमायुबलाशनार्थम् (kaṅkagomāyubalāśanārtham) - for the purpose of being eaten by vultures, jackals, and crows

• क्षीणाः (kṣīṇāḥ) - emaciated, weakened, destroyed

• विवृद्धिम् (vivṛddhim) - growth, increase, augmentation, regeneration

• बहुधा (bahudhā) - in many ways, manifoldly

• व्रजन्ति (vrajanti) - they go, they proceed, they experience

Words meanings and morphology

ययातिः (yayātiḥ) - Yayāti (a legendary king)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yayāti

yayāti - Yayāti (a legendary king in Hindu mythology)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

इमम् (imam) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this here

भौमम् (bhaumam) - earthly, terrestrial

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bhauma

bhauma - earthly, terrestrial, relating to the earth

Derived from 'bhūmi' (earth) with suffix 'aṇ'.

नरकम् (narakam) - hell, underworld

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of naraka

naraka - hell, Hades, underworld, place of torment

ते (te) - they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

पतन्ति (patanti) - they fall, they descend

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of pat

Root: pat (class 1)

लालप्यमानाः (lālapyamānāḥ) - lamenting loudly, crying out

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of lālapyamāna

lālapyamāna - lamenting loudly, crying out repeatedly, wailing

Present Middle Participle (Intensive/Frequentative)

Derived from the intensive (yaṅ) stem of √lap (to speak, lament) + śānac suffix.

Root: lap (class 1)

नरदेव (naradeva) - O king (literally, god of men)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of naradeva

naradeva - king, ruler (literally 'god of men')

Compound type : tatpurusha (nara+deva)

• nara – man, human
  noun (masculine)
• deva – god, deity, divine being
  noun (masculine)

सर्वे (sarve) - all, every

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, whole, every

ते (te) - they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

कङ्कगोमायुबलाशनार्थम् (kaṅkagomāyubalāśanārtham) - for the purpose of being eaten by vultures, jackals, and crows

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kaṅkagomāyubalāśanārtha

kaṅkagomāyubalāśanārtha - for the sake of, or purpose of, vultures, jackals, and crows

A compound formed from 'kaṅka' (vulture), 'gomāyu' (jackal), 'balāśana' (crow), and 'artha' (purpose).

Compound type : dvandva-tatpurusha (kaṅka+gomāyu+balāśana+artha)

• kaṅka – vulture, heron
  noun (masculine)
• gomāyu – jackal, fox
  noun (masculine)
• balāśana – crow (literally 'strength-eater')
  noun (masculine)
  Compound 'bala' (strength) + 'aśana' (eating).
• artha – purpose, aim, sake, meaning
  noun (masculine)

क्षीणाः (kṣīṇāḥ) - emaciated, weakened, destroyed

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kṣīṇa

kṣīṇa - emaciated, weakened, wasted away, diminished, perished

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √kṣi (to waste away, to diminish) + kta suffix.

Root: kṣi (class 5)

विवृद्धिम् (vivṛddhim) - growth, increase, augmentation, regeneration

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vivṛddhi

vivṛddhi - growth, increase, augmentation, development, prosperity

Derived from √vṛdh (to grow) with upasarga vi-.

Prefix: vi

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

बहुधा (bahudhā) - in many ways, manifoldly

(indeclinable)

Adverbial suffix -dhā added to 'bahu' (many).

व्रजन्ति (vrajanti) - they go, they proceed, they experience

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of vraj

Root: vraj (class 1)