महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-85, verse-16

घ्राणेन गन्धं जिह्वयाथो रसं च त्वचा स्पर्शं मनसा वेद भावम् ।
इत्यष्टकेहोपचितिं च विद्धि महात्मनः प्राणभृतः शरीरे ॥१६॥

16. ghrāṇena gandhaṁ jihvayātho rasaṁ ca; tvacā sparśaṁ manasā veda bhāvam ,
ityaṣṭakehopacitiṁ ca viddhi; mahātmanaḥ prāṇabhṛtaḥ śarīre.

16. ghrāṇena gandham jihvayā atho rasam
ca tvacā sparśam manasā veda bhāvam
| iti aṣṭake iha upacitim ca
viddhi mahātmanaḥ prāṇabhṛtaḥ śarīre

16. Through the nose, one perceives smell; through the tongue, taste; through the skin, touch; and through the mind, one perceives thoughts or states of being. Thus, O Aṣṭaka, understand this to be the way the great soul (ātman) of the living being gathers experiences within the body.

16. באף הוא קולט ריח, בלשון טעם, בעור מגע, ובפעילות החשיבה הוא מבין רגש. כך, הו אַשְׁתַקַה, הכר את התפתחות הגוף של היצור החי הנשגב הזה.

Words meanings summery:

• घ्राणेन (ghrāṇena) - by the nose

• गन्धम् (gandham) - smell, odor

• जिह्वया (jihvayā) - by the tongue

• अथो (atho) - and then, furthermore, moreover

• रसम् (rasam) - taste, flavor, essence

• च (ca) - and, also

• त्वचा (tvacā) - by the skin

• स्पर्शम् (sparśam) - touch, contact

• मनसा (manasā) - by the mind

• वेद (veda) - knows, perceives

• भावम् (bhāvam) - state, condition, feeling, thought, nature

• इति (iti) - thus, so, indicates direct speech or conclusion

• अष्टके (aṣṭake) - O Aṣṭaka

• इह (iha) - here, in this world, in this matter

• उपचितिम् (upacitim) - accumulation, gathering, perception, experience

• च (ca) - and, also

• विद्धि (viddhi) - know, understand (imperative)

• महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of the great soul (ātman), of the noble one

• प्राणभृतः (prāṇabhṛtaḥ) - of the living being, of the embodied one

• शरीरे (śarīre) - in the body

Words meanings and morphology

घ्राणेन (ghrāṇena) - by the nose

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of ghrāṇa

ghrāṇa - nose, sense of smell

गन्धम् (gandham) - smell, odor

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gandha

gandha - smell, odor, fragrance

जिह्वया (jihvayā) - by the tongue

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of jihvā

jihvā - tongue

अथो (atho) - and then, furthermore, moreover

(indeclinable)

रसम् (rasam) - taste, flavor, essence

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rasa

rasa - taste, flavor, essence, juice, sentiment

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

त्वचा (tvacā) - by the skin

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of tvac

tvac - skin, hide, bark

स्पर्शम् (sparśam) - touch, contact

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sparśa

sparśa - touch, contact, tactile sensation

मनसा (manasā) - by the mind

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, intellect, heart

वेद (veda) - knows, perceives

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (lat) of vid

Root: vid (class 2)

भावम् (bhāvam) - state, condition, feeling, thought, nature

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhāva

bhāva - state, condition, feeling, emotion, existence, nature, thought

इति (iti) - thus, so, indicates direct speech or conclusion

(indeclinable)

अष्टके (aṣṭake) - O Aṣṭaka

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of aṣṭaka

aṣṭaka - Aṣṭaka (proper name)

इह (iha) - here, in this world, in this matter

(indeclinable)

उपचितिम् (upacitim) - accumulation, gathering, perception, experience

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of upaciti

upaciti - accumulation, collection, growth, acquisition, perception, experience

derived from upa + ci (to gather)

Prefix: upa

Root: ci (class 5)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

विद्धि (viddhi) - know, understand (imperative)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of vid

Root: vid (class 2)

महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of the great soul (ātman), of the noble one

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great soul, noble-minded, great self

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essential nature
  noun (masculine)

प्राणभृतः (prāṇabhṛtaḥ) - of the living being, of the embodied one

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of prāṇabhṛt

prāṇabhṛt - living being, animated, one who supports life

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prāṇa+bhṛt)

• prāṇa – life, breath, vital air
  noun (masculine)
• bhṛt – bearing, carrying, supporting, one who maintains
  adjective
  agent noun/participial suffix
  derived from root bhṛ
  Root: bhṛ (class 3)

शरीरे (śarīre) - in the body

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of śarīra

śarīra - body, physical frame

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