महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-85, verse-16

घ्राणेन गन्धं जिह्वयाथो रसं च त्वचा स्पर्शं मनसा वेद भावम् ।
इत्यष्टकेहोपचितिं च विद्धि महात्मनः प्राणभृतः शरीरे ॥१६॥

16. ghrāṇena gandhaṁ jihvayātho rasaṁ ca; tvacā sparśaṁ manasā veda bhāvam ,
ityaṣṭakehopacitiṁ ca viddhi; mahātmanaḥ prāṇabhṛtaḥ śarīre.

16. ghrāṇena gandham jihvayā atho rasam
ca tvacā sparśam manasā veda bhāvam
| iti aṣṭake iha upacitim ca
viddhi mahātmanaḥ prāṇabhṛtaḥ śarīre

16. Through the nose, one perceives smell; through the tongue, taste; through the skin, touch; and through the mind, one perceives thoughts or states of being. Thus, O Aṣṭaka, understand this to be the way the great soul (ātman) of the living being gathers experiences within the body.

Words meanings summery:

• घ्राणेन (ghrāṇena) - by the nose

• गन्धम् (gandham) - smell, odor

• जिह्वया (jihvayā) - by the tongue

• अथो (atho) - and then, furthermore, moreover

• रसम् (rasam) - taste, flavor, essence

• च (ca) - and, also

• त्वचा (tvacā) - by the skin

• स्पर्शम् (sparśam) - touch, contact

• मनसा (manasā) - by the mind

• वेद (veda) - knows, perceives

• भावम् (bhāvam) - state, condition, feeling, thought, nature

• इति (iti) - thus, so, indicates direct speech or conclusion

• अष्टके (aṣṭake) - O Aṣṭaka

• इह (iha) - here, in this world, in this matter

• उपचितिम् (upacitim) - accumulation, gathering, perception, experience

• च (ca) - and, also

• विद्धि (viddhi) - know, understand (imperative)

• महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of the great soul (ātman), of the noble one

• प्राणभृतः (prāṇabhṛtaḥ) - of the living being, of the embodied one

• शरीरे (śarīre) - in the body

Words meanings and morphology

घ्राणेन (ghrāṇena) - by the nose

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of ghrāṇa

ghrāṇa - nose, sense of smell

गन्धम् (gandham) - smell, odor

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gandha

gandha - smell, odor, fragrance

जिह्वया (jihvayā) - by the tongue

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of jihvā

jihvā - tongue

अथो (atho) - and then, furthermore, moreover

(indeclinable)

रसम् (rasam) - taste, flavor, essence

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rasa

rasa - taste, flavor, essence, juice, sentiment

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

त्वचा (tvacā) - by the skin

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of tvac

tvac - skin, hide, bark

स्पर्शम् (sparśam) - touch, contact

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sparśa

sparśa - touch, contact, tactile sensation

मनसा (manasā) - by the mind

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, intellect, heart

वेद (veda) - knows, perceives

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (lat) of vid

Root: vid (class 2)

भावम् (bhāvam) - state, condition, feeling, thought, nature

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhāva

bhāva - state, condition, feeling, emotion, existence, nature, thought

इति (iti) - thus, so, indicates direct speech or conclusion

(indeclinable)

अष्टके (aṣṭake) - O Aṣṭaka

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of aṣṭaka

aṣṭaka - Aṣṭaka (proper name)

इह (iha) - here, in this world, in this matter

(indeclinable)

उपचितिम् (upacitim) - accumulation, gathering, perception, experience

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of upaciti

upaciti - accumulation, collection, growth, acquisition, perception, experience

derived from upa + ci (to gather)

Prefix: upa

Root: ci (class 5)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

विद्धि (viddhi) - know, understand (imperative)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of vid

Root: vid (class 2)

महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of the great soul (ātman), of the noble one

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great soul, noble-minded, great self

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essential nature
  noun (masculine)

प्राणभृतः (prāṇabhṛtaḥ) - of the living being, of the embodied one

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of prāṇabhṛt

prāṇabhṛt - living being, animated, one who supports life

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prāṇa+bhṛt)

• prāṇa – life, breath, vital air
  noun (masculine)
• bhṛt – bearing, carrying, supporting, one who maintains
  adjective
  agent noun/participial suffix
  derived from root bhṛ
  Root: bhṛ (class 3)

शरीरे (śarīre) - in the body

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of śarīra

śarīra - body, physical frame