महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-85, verse-22

ययातिरुवाच ।
तपश्च दानं च शमो दमश्च ह्रीरार्जवं सर्वभूतानुकम्पा ।
नश्यन्ति मानेन तमोऽभिभूताः पुंसः सदैवेति वदन्ति सन्तः ॥२२॥

22. yayātiruvāca ,
tapaśca dānaṁ ca śamo damaśca; hrīrārjavaṁ sarvabhūtānukampā ,
naśyanti mānena tamo'bhibhūtāḥ; puṁsaḥ sadaiveti vadanti santaḥ.

22. yayātiḥ uvāca tapaḥ ca dānam ca śamaḥ
damaḥ ca hrīḥ ārjavam sarvabhūtānukampā
naśyanti mānena tamaḥ abhibhūtāḥ
puṃsaḥ sadā eva iti vadanti santaḥ

22. Yayati said: Austerity (tapas), charity (dāna), tranquility, self-control, modesty, straightforwardness, and compassion for all beings – these virtues of a person always perish when overwhelmed by the darkness of pride (māna), so say the wise.

Words meanings summery:

• ययातिः (yayātiḥ) - King Yayati (the speaker of these words) (Yayati (a king))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity (tapas) (austerity, penance, spiritual discipline)

• च (ca) - and

• दानम् (dānam) - charity (dāna) (gift, charity, giving)

• च (ca) - and

• शमः (śamaḥ) - tranquility (tranquility, calmness, mental control)

• दमः (damaḥ) - self-control (self-control, restraint, subduing)

• च (ca) - and

• ह्रीः (hrīḥ) - modesty (modesty, shame, humility)

• आर्जवम् (ārjavam) - straightforwardness (straightforwardness, honesty, sincerity)

• सर्वभूतानुकम्पा (sarvabhūtānukampā) - compassion for all beings

• नश्यन्ति (naśyanti) - perish (perish, are destroyed, disappear)

• मानेन (mānena) - by pride (māna) (by pride, by honor, by measure)

• तमः (tamaḥ) - darkness (obscurity of mind, leading to pride) (darkness, ignorance)

• अभिभूताः (abhibhūtāḥ) - overwhelmed (overcome, overwhelmed, subdued)

• पुंसः (puṁsaḥ) - of a person (of a man, of a person, of the self (puruṣa))

• सदा (sadā) - always (always, ever)

• एव (eva) - indeed (only, indeed, just)

• इति (iti) - so, thus (thus, so, in this manner (marks direct or indirect speech))

• वदन्ति (vadanti) - say (they say, they speak)

• सन्तः (santaḥ) - the wise (good people, wise people, saints, existing ones)

Words meanings and morphology

ययातिः (yayātiḥ) - King Yayati (the speaker of these words) (Yayati (a king))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yayāti

yayāti - Yayati (a king)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Perfect form of √vac, irregular reduplication and stem formation

Root: vac (class 2)

तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity (tapas) (austerity, penance, spiritual discipline)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, heat, spiritual discipline

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

दानम् (dānam) - charity (dāna) (gift, charity, giving)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dāna

dāna - gift, charity, giving

Root: dā (class 3)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

शमः (śamaḥ) - tranquility (tranquility, calmness, mental control)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śama

śama - calmness, tranquility, repose, mental control

Root: śam (class 4)

दमः (damaḥ) - self-control (self-control, restraint, subduing)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dama

dama - self-control, restraint, subduing, taming

Root: dam (class 4)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

ह्रीः (hrīḥ) - modesty (modesty, shame, humility)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of hrī

hrī - modesty, shame, bashfulness, humility

आर्जवम् (ārjavam) - straightforwardness (straightforwardness, honesty, sincerity)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ārjava

ārjava - straightforwardness, honesty, sincerity, rectitude

Derived from ṛju (straight)

सर्वभूतानुकम्पा (sarvabhūtānukampā) - compassion for all beings

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sarvabhūtānukampā

sarvabhūtānukampā - compassion for all creatures/beings

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sarva+bhūta+anukampā)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  adjective
• bhūta – being, creature, element, past
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  PPP of bhū (to be)
  Root: bhū (class 1)
• anukampā – compassion, pity, sympathy
  noun (feminine)
  from anu-√kamp (to tremble for)
  Prefix: anu
  Root: kamp (class 1)

नश्यन्ति (naśyanti) - perish (perish, are destroyed, disappear)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of naś

Present tense, 3rd person plural

Root: naś (class 4)

मानेन (mānena) - by pride (māna) (by pride, by honor, by measure)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of māna

māna - pride, honor, respect, measure, estimation

तमः (tamaḥ) - darkness (obscurity of mind, leading to pride) (darkness, ignorance)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, ignorance, gloom, one of the three guṇas

Note: Used as the first element in the compound 'tamaḥabhibhūtāḥ' (overwhelmed by darkness).

अभिभूताः (abhibhūtāḥ) - overwhelmed (overcome, overwhelmed, subdued)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of abhibhūta

abhibhūta - overcome, overwhelmed, subdued, conquered

Past Passive Participle

PPP of abhi-bhū (to overcome)

Prefix: abhi

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the virtues (tapas, dānam, etc.) which are implicitly masculine/neuter plural.

पुंसः (puṁsaḥ) - of a person (of a man, of a person, of the self (puruṣa))

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, person, male, spirit, the supreme cosmic person (puruṣa)

सदा (sadā) - always (always, ever)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed (only, indeed, just)

(indeclinable)

इति (iti) - so, thus (thus, so, in this manner (marks direct or indirect speech))

(indeclinable)

वदन्ति (vadanti) - say (they say, they speak)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of vad

Present tense, 3rd person plural

Root: vad (class 1)

सन्तः (santaḥ) - the wise (good people, wise people, saints, existing ones)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sant

sant - good, virtuous, wise, existing, real

Present Active Participle

PAP of as (to be), used as a noun here

Root: as (class 2)