महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-221, verse-3

अयमग्निर्दहन्कक्षमित आयाति भीषणः ।
जगत्संदीपयन्भीमो मम दुःखविवर्धनः ॥३॥

3. ayamagnirdahankakṣamita āyāti bhīṣaṇaḥ ,
jagatsaṁdīpayanbhīmo mama duḥkhavivardhanaḥ.

3. ayam agniḥ dahan kakṣam ita āyāti bhīṣaṇaḥ
jagatsaṃdīpayan bhīmaḥ mama duḥkhavivardhanaḥ

3. This terrible fire, burning the dry grass, comes this way; dreadful, it sets the world ablaze and increases my sorrow.

Words meanings summery:

• अयम् (ayam) - this, this one

• अग्निः (agniḥ) - fire, god of fire

• दहन् (dahan) - burning, consuming

• कक्षम् (kakṣam) - dry grass, thicket, brushwood

• इत (ita) - here, this way, from this place

• आयाति (āyāti) - comes, approaches

• भीषणः (bhīṣaṇaḥ) - terrible, dreadful, formidable

• जगत्संदीपयन् (jagatsaṁdīpayan) - illuminating the world, setting the world ablaze

• भीमः (bhīmaḥ) - dreadful, fearful, terrible

• मम (mama) - my, of me

• दुःखविवर्धनः (duḥkhavivardhanaḥ) - increasing sorrow, causing an increase in suffering

Words meanings and morphology

अयम् (ayam) - this, this one

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Refers to the fire.

अग्निः (agniḥ) - fire, god of fire

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of agni

agni - fire, god of fire

दहन् (dahan) - burning, consuming

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dahat

dahat - burning, consuming

Present Active Participle

Derived from the root dah (to burn) with the present participle suffix -at.

Root: dah (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'agniḥ'.

कक्षम् (kakṣam) - dry grass, thicket, brushwood

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kakṣa

kakṣa - dry grass, thicket, brushwood, forest

Note: Object of the participle 'dahan'.

इत (ita) - here, this way, from this place

(indeclinable)

आयाति (āyāti) - comes, approaches

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of āyā

Root yā (to go) with prefix ā- (towards).

Prefix: ā

Root: yā (class 2)

भीषणः (bhīṣaṇaḥ) - terrible, dreadful, formidable

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣaṇa

bhīṣaṇa - terrible, dreadful, formidable

Derived from the root bhī (to fear), meaning 'causing fear'.

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Modifies 'agniḥ'.

जगत्संदीपयन् (jagatsaṁdīpayan) - illuminating the world, setting the world ablaze

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jagatsaṃdīpayat

jagatsaṁdīpayat - illuminating the world, setting the world ablaze

Present Active Participle (causative)

Compound of jagat (world) and saṃdīpayat (making shine, setting ablaze), which is a present participle (causative) of saṃ-dīp.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jagat+saṃdīpayat)

• jagat – world, universe, moving
  noun (neuter)
  Present Active Participle
  From root gam (to go, move), means 'that which moves'.
  Root: gam (class 1)
• saṃdīpayat – making shine, kindling, illuminating, setting ablaze
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Active Participle (causative)
  Causative of root dīp (to shine) with prefix saṃ-.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: dīp (class 4)

Note: Modifies 'agniḥ'.

भीमः (bhīmaḥ) - dreadful, fearful, terrible

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīma

bhīma - dreadful, fearful, terrible

Derived from the root bhī (to fear).

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Modifies 'agniḥ'.

मम (mama) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Possessive pronoun.

दुःखविवर्धनः (duḥkhavivardhanaḥ) - increasing sorrow, causing an increase in suffering

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥkhavivardhana

duḥkhavivardhana - increasing sorrow, causing an increase in suffering

Compound of duḥkha (sorrow) and vivardhana (increasing), which is an action noun/adjective from vi-vṛdh.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (duḥkha+vivardhana)

• duḥkha – sorrow, suffering, pain, misery
  noun (neuter)
• vivardhana – increasing, promoting, causing to grow
  adjective (masculine)
  From the root vṛdh (to grow, increase) with prefix vi- and suffix -ana.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'agniḥ'.