महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-221, verse-2

निशाम्य पुत्रकान्बालान्माता तेषां तपस्विनी ।
जरिता दुःखसंतप्ता विललाप नरेश्वर ॥२॥

2. niśāmya putrakānbālānmātā teṣāṁ tapasvinī ,
jaritā duḥkhasaṁtaptā vilalāpa nareśvara.

2. niśāmya putrakān bālān mātā teṣām tapasvinī
jaritā duḥkhasaṃtaptā vilalāpa nareśvara

2. O King, observing her young sons, their distressed old mother, afflicted by sorrow, lamented.

2. הו מלך, כאשר ראתה אמן בעלת העוצמה הרוחנית, ג׳ַרִיטָה, את בניה הקטנים, התמלאה יגון ובכתה.

Words meanings summery:

• निशाम्य (niśāmya) - having seen, observing, having perceived

• पुत्रकान् (putrakān) - little sons, young sons

• बालान् (bālān) - young ones, children

• माता (mātā) - mother

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of her sons (of them, their)

• तपस्विनी (tapasvinī) - distressed (mother) due to her sorrow (duḥkha) (distressed, ascetic, suffering, pious)

• जरिता (jaritā) - old woman, aged

• दुःखसंतप्ता (duḥkhasaṁtaptā) - afflicted by sorrow, tormented by suffering

• विललाप (vilalāpa) - lamented, wailed, wept

• नरेश्वर (nareśvara) - O king, O lord of men

Words meanings and morphology

निशाम्य (niśāmya) - having seen, observing, having perceived

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

Derived from the root śam- (to see, perceive) with the prefix ni- and the suffix -ya (k/tvā for roots with prefixes).

Prefix: ni

Root: śam (class 1)

पुत्रकान् (putrakān) - little sons, young sons

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of putraka

putraka - little son, young son

Diminutive form of putra (son).

बालान् (bālān) - young ones, children

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bāla

bāla - young, child, inexperienced

Note: Adjective modifying 'putrakān'.

माता (mātā) - mother

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of mātṛ

mātṛ - mother

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of her sons (of them, their)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the sons.

तपस्विनी (tapasvinī) - distressed (mother) due to her sorrow (duḥkha) (distressed, ascetic, suffering, pious)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tapasvin

tapasvin - ascetic, devout, distressed, suffering (tapas)

Derived from tapas (penance, suffering) with the possessive suffix -vin.

Note: Adjective modifying 'mātā'.

जरिता (jaritā) - old woman, aged

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of jaritṛ

jaritṛ - old woman, aged

From root jṛ (to decay, grow old).

Root: jṛ (class 1)

Note: Adjective-like noun modifying 'mātā'.

दुःखसंतप्ता (duḥkhasaṁtaptā) - afflicted by sorrow, tormented by suffering

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of duḥkhasaṃtapta

duḥkhasaṁtapta - afflicted by sorrow, tormented by suffering

Past Passive Participle

Compound of duḥkha (sorrow) and saṃtapta (afflicted, burnt), which is a PPP from saṃ-tap.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (duḥkha+saṃtapta)

• duḥkha – sorrow, suffering, pain, misery
  noun (neuter)
• saṃtapta – afflicted, tormented, burnt, heated
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From the root tap (to heat, suffer) with the prefix saṃ-.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying 'mātā'.

विललाप (vilalāpa) - lamented, wailed, wept

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vilap

Root lap (to speak) with prefix vi- (denoting separation, distinctness, or intensity).

Prefix: vi

Root: lap (class 1)

नरेश्वर (nareśvara) - O king, O lord of men

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nareśvara

nareśvara - king, lord of men

Compound of nara (man) and īśvara (lord).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+īśvara)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• īśvara – lord, master, controller, God
  noun (masculine)
  From root īś (to rule, be master of).
  Root: īś (class 2)

Note: Addressed to a king.

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