महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-221, verse-21

गर्हितं मरणं नः स्यादाखुना खादता बिले ।
शिष्टादिष्टः परित्यागः शरीरस्य हुताशनात् ॥२१॥

21. garhitaṁ maraṇaṁ naḥ syādākhunā khādatā bile ,
śiṣṭādiṣṭaḥ parityāgaḥ śarīrasya hutāśanāt.

21. garhitam maraṇam naḥ syāt ākhunā khādatā bile
śiṣṭādiṣṭaḥ parityāgaḥ śarīrasya hutāśanāt

21. Death for us, if devoured by a mouse in this hole, would be despicable. The abandonment of the body by fire has been prescribed by the wise.

Words meanings summery:

• गर्हितम् (garhitam) - despicable, reprehensible (blamed, censured, despised, despicable)

• मरणम् (maraṇam) - death (death, dying)

• नः (naḥ) - us (us, our, for us)

• स्यात् (syāt) - may be, would be (may be, should be)

• आखुना (ākhunā) - by a mouse (by a mouse, by a rat)

• खादता (khādatā) - (while) eating (us) (eating, devouring (by him))

• बिले (bile) - in the hole (where the nest is) (in the hole, in the burrow)

• शिष्टादिष्टः (śiṣṭādiṣṭaḥ) - prescribed by the wise (enjoined by the wise, commanded by the learned)

• परित्यागः (parityāgaḥ) - abandonment (of the body) (abandonment, renunciation, sacrifice)

• शरीरस्य (śarīrasya) - of the body

• हुताशनात् (hutāśanāt) - by fire (from fire, by fire)

Words meanings and morphology

गर्हितम् (garhitam) - despicable, reprehensible (blamed, censured, despised, despicable)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of garhita

garhita - blamed, censured, despised, reprehensible

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √garh (to blame, censure) with suffix -ta

Root: garh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'maraṇam'.

मरणम् (maraṇam) - death (death, dying)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of maraṇa

maraṇa - death, dying

action noun from √mṛ

Derived from root √mṛ (to die) with suffix -ana

Root: mṛ (class 6)

Note: Subject of the clause.

नः (naḥ) - us (us, our, for us)

(pronoun)

Accusative, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Can also be dative or genitive plural

स्यात् (syāt) - may be, would be (may be, should be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of as

root verb, 2nd conjugation, Parasmaipada

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Potential mood, meaning 'may be' or 'should be'.

आखुना (ākhunā) - by a mouse (by a mouse, by a rat)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ākhu

ākhu - mouse, rat

Note: Agent of the action of 'eating'.

खादता (khādatā) - (while) eating (us) (eating, devouring (by him))

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of khādat

khādat - eating, consuming

Present Active Participle

Derived from root √khād (to eat) with Present Participle suffix -at

Root: khād (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'ākhunā'. Describes the mouse's action.

बिले (bile) - in the hole (where the nest is) (in the hole, in the burrow)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of bila

bila - hole, burrow, cavern, cavity

शिष्टादिष्टः (śiṣṭādiṣṭaḥ) - prescribed by the wise (enjoined by the wise, commanded by the learned)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śiṣṭādiṣṭa

śiṣṭādiṣṭa - enjoined by the wise/learned, commanded by the virtuous

Compound type : tatpurusha (śiṣṭa+ādiṣṭa)

• śiṣṭa – wise, learned, virtuous, disciplined
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √śiṣ (to teach, discipline) with suffix -ta
  Root: śiṣ (class 7)
• ādiṣṭa – enjoined, commanded, taught, indicated
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √diś (to point, direct) with prefix ā- and suffix -ta
  Prefix: ā
  Root: diś (class 6)

Note: Qualifies 'parityāgaḥ'.

परित्यागः (parityāgaḥ) - abandonment (of the body) (abandonment, renunciation, sacrifice)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parityāga

parityāga - abandonment, renunciation, sacrifice, relinquishment

action noun from √tyaj

Derived from root √tyaj (to abandon) with prefix pari- and suffix -a

Prefix: pari

Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

शरीरस्य (śarīrasya) - of the body

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of śarīra

śarīra - body, frame, flesh

Note: Possessive case for 'parityāgaḥ'.

हुताशनात् (hutāśanāt) - by fire (from fire, by fire)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of hutāśana

hutāśana - fire, one who consumes oblations

Compound type : bahuvrihi (huta+aśana)

• huta – offered, sacrificed, oblation
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √hu (to sacrifice) with suffix -ta
  Root: hu (class 3)
• aśana – eating, food
  noun (neuter)
  action noun from √aś
  Derived from root √aś (to eat) with suffix -ana
  Root: aś (class 9)

Note: Used in the sense of 'by' or 'through' the agency of fire.