महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-188, verse-10

धृष्टद्युम्न उवाच ।
यवीयसः कथं भार्यां ज्येष्ठो भ्राता द्विजर्षभ ।
ब्रह्मन्समभिवर्तेत सद्वृत्तः संस्तपोधन ॥१०॥

10. dhṛṣṭadyumna uvāca ,
yavīyasaḥ kathaṁ bhāryāṁ jyeṣṭho bhrātā dvijarṣabha ,
brahmansamabhivarteta sadvṛttaḥ saṁstapodhana.

10. dhṛṣṭadyumna uvāca yavīyasaḥ katham bhāryām jyeṣṭhaḥ bhrātā
dvijarṣabha brahman samabhivarteta sadvṛttaḥ san tapodhana

10. Dhṛṣṭadyumna said: O best among brāhmaṇas, how can an elder brother, who is of good conduct and devoted to austerity (tapas), approach the wife of his younger brother?

Words meanings summery:

• धृष्टद्युम्न (dhṛṣṭadyumna) - Dhṛṣṭadyumna (name of a character)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• यवीयसः (yavīyasaḥ) - of a younger (person), of the younger brother

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• भार्याम् (bhāryām) - wife, spouse

• ज्येष्ठः (jyeṣṭhaḥ) - elder, eldest, superior

• भ्राता (bhrātā) - brother

• द्विजर्षभ (dvijarṣabha) - O best among the twice-born (brāhmaṇas)

• ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - O brāhmaṇa, O revered one

• समभिवर्तेत (samabhivarteta) - he should approach, he should resort to

• सद्वृत्तः (sadvṛttaḥ) - of good conduct, virtuous

• सन् (san) - being, existing

• तपोधन (tapodhana) - one whose wealth is austerity, devoted to austerity

Words meanings and morphology

धृष्टद्युम्न (dhṛṣṭadyumna) - Dhṛṣṭadyumna (name of a character)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛṣṭadyumna

dhṛṣṭadyumna - Dhṛṣṭadyumna (son of Drupada)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

यवीयसः (yavīyasaḥ) - of a younger (person), of the younger brother

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yavīyas

yavīyas - younger, junior, smallest

Comparative degree of yuvan (young)

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

भार्याम् (bhāryām) - wife, spouse

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of bhāryā

bhāryā - wife, spouse, female to be supported

Gerundive

Derived from root bhṛ (to bear, support)

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

ज्येष्ठः (jyeṣṭhaḥ) - elder, eldest, superior

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jyeṣṭha

jyeṣṭha - elder, eldest, chief, best, senior

Superlative degree of yuvan (young)

भ्राता (bhrātā) - brother

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

द्विजर्षभ (dvijarṣabha) - O best among the twice-born (brāhmaṇas)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dvijarṣabha

dvijarṣabha - best among the twice-born, chief of brāhmaṇas

Compound type : tatpurusha (dvija+ṛṣabha)

• dvija – twice-born (Brahmin, Kṣatriya, Vaiśya), bird, tooth
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, best, chief, excellent
  noun (masculine)

ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - O brāhmaṇa, O revered one

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of brahman

brahman - Brahmin (priestly class), sage, sacred word, the Absolute (neuter)

समभिवर्तेत (samabhivarteta) - he should approach, he should resort to

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (liṅ) of vṛt

Prefixes: sam+abhi

Root: vṛt (class 1)

सद्वृत्तः (sadvṛttaḥ) - of good conduct, virtuous

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sadvṛtta

sadvṛtta - of good conduct, virtuous, upright

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sat+vṛtta)

• sat – good, virtuous, real, existing
  adjective
  Present Active Participle
  Derived from root as (to be)
  Root: as (class 2)
• vṛtta – conduct, behavior, occurrence, event
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root vṛt (to be, exist)
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

सन् (san) - being, existing

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sat

sat - being, existing, good, virtuous, real

Present Active Participle

Derived from root as (to be)

Root: as (class 2)

तपोधन (tapodhana) - one whose wealth is austerity, devoted to austerity

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tapodhana

tapodhana - one whose wealth is austerity, rich in penance, ascetic

Compound type : bahuvrihi (tapas+dhana)

• tapas – austerity, penance, heat, spiritual fervor
  noun (neuter)
  Root: tap (class 1)
• dhana – wealth, riches, property
  noun (neuter)
  Root: dhā (class 3)