महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-179, verse-16

सज्यं च चक्रे निमिषान्तरेण शरांश्च जग्राह दशार्धसंख्यान् ।
विव्याध लक्ष्यं निपपात तच्च छिद्रेण भूमौ सहसातिविद्धम् ॥१६॥

16. sajyaṁ ca cakre nimiṣāntareṇa; śarāṁśca jagrāha daśārdhasaṁkhyān ,
vivyādha lakṣyaṁ nipapāta tacca; chidreṇa bhūmau sahasātividdham.

16. sajyam ca cakre nimiṣāntareṇa
śarān ca jagrāha daśārdhasaṃkhyān
vivyādha lakṣyam nipapāta tat ca
chidreṇa bhūmau sahasā atividdham

16. In an instant, he strung the bow and took five arrows. He then pierced the target, and that target, thoroughly penetrated and holed, suddenly fell to the ground.

Words meanings summery:

• सज्यम् (sajyam) - strung (bow)

• च (ca) - and

• चक्रे (cakre) - he made

• निमिषान्तरेण (nimiṣāntareṇa) - in the twinkling of an eye, in a moment

• शरान् (śarān) - arrows

• च (ca) - and

• जग्राह (jagrāha) - he took, he grasped

• दशार्धसंख्यान् (daśārdhasaṁkhyān) - five in number (ten-half-numbered)

• विव्याध (vivyādha) - he pierced

• लक्ष्यम् (lakṣyam) - the target

• निपपात (nipapāta) - it fell down

• तत् (tat) - that

• च (ca) - and

• छिद्रेण (chidreṇa) - through the hole, with a hole

• भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground

• सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, quickly, violently

• अतिविद्धम् (atividdham) - excessively pierced

Words meanings and morphology

सज्यम् (sajyam) - strung (bow)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sajya

sajya - strung (as a bow), having a bowstring

Compound of sa (with) and jyā (bowstring)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sa+jyā)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• jyā – bowstring, string
  noun (feminine)

Note: Agreeing with an implied 'dhanus'

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

चक्रे (cakre) - he made

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past perfect (lit) of kṛ

Perfect 3rd Singular (Middle)

Root kṛ, Pāṇinian dhātupāṭha 8U

Root: kṛ (class 8)

निमिषान्तरेण (nimiṣāntareṇa) - in the twinkling of an eye, in a moment

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of nimiṣāntara

nimiṣāntara - interval of a wink, a moment

Compound of nimiṣa (wink) and antara (interval)

Compound type : tatpurusha (nimiṣa+antara)

• nimiṣa – wink, twinkling, moment
  noun (masculine/neuter)
• antara – interval, difference, inside
  noun (neuter)

शरान् (śarān) - arrows

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

जग्राह (jagrāha) - he took, he grasped

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of grah

Perfect 3rd Singular (Active)

Root grah, Pāṇinian dhātupāṭha 9P

Root: grah (class 9)

दशार्धसंख्यान् (daśārdhasaṁkhyān) - five in number (ten-half-numbered)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of daśārdhasaṃkhya

daśārdhasaṁkhya - five in number (literally 'half of ten' numbered)

Compound of daśa (ten) + ardha (half) + saṃkhyā (number)

Compound type : tatpurusha (daśa+ardha+saṃkhyā)

• daśa – ten
  noun
• ardha – half, part
  noun (masculine/neuter)
• saṃkhyā – number, count, enumeration
  noun (feminine)

Note: Agreeing with 'śarān'

विव्याध (vivyādha) - he pierced

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vyadh

Perfect 3rd Singular

Root vyadh, Pāṇinian dhātupāṭha 4P

Root: vyadh (class 4)

लक्ष्यम् (lakṣyam) - the target

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of lakṣya

lakṣya - target, aim, object, mark

निपपात (nipapāta) - it fell down

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of ni-pat

Perfect 3rd Singular

Root pat with prefix ni

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

छिद्रेण (chidreṇa) - through the hole, with a hole

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of chidra

chidra - hole, aperture, defect

भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhūmi

bhūmi - earth, ground, land

सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, quickly, violently

(indeclinable)

अतिविद्धम् (atividdham) - excessively pierced

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of atividdha

atividdha - excessively pierced, thoroughly struck

Past Passive Participle

Compound of ati (over, beyond) + viddha (pierced, from root vyadh)

Compound type : tatpurusha (ati+viddha)

• ati – over, beyond, excessively
  indeclinable
• viddha – pierced, struck, hit
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root vyadh (4P)
  Root: vyadh (class 4)