महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-179, verse-15

स तद्धनुः परिक्रम्य प्रदक्षिणमथाकरोत् ।
प्रणम्य शिरसा हृष्टो जगृहे च परंतपः ॥१५॥

15. sa taddhanuḥ parikramya pradakṣiṇamathākarot ,
praṇamya śirasā hṛṣṭo jagṛhe ca paraṁtapaḥ.

15. saḥ tat dhanuḥ parikramya pradakṣiṇam atha akarot
praṇamya śirasā hṛṣṭaḥ jagṛhe ca paraṃtapaḥ

15. Then, the tormentor of foes (Arjuna) joyfully circumambulated that bow in a clockwise direction, bowed his head, and took it.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he

• तत् (tat) - that

• धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

• परिक्रम्य (parikramya) - having circumambulated, having walked around

• प्रदक्षिणम् (pradakṣiṇam) - clockwise, reverentially

• अथ (atha) - then, thereupon

• अकरोत् (akarot) - he did, he made

• प्रणम्य (praṇamya) - having bowed

• शिरसा (śirasā) - with the head

• हृष्टः (hṛṣṭaḥ) - joyful, delighted

• जगृहे (jagṛhe) - he took, he grasped

• च (ca) - and

• परंतपः (paraṁtapaḥ) - tormentor of foes, a name for Arjuna

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhanus

dhanus - bow

परिक्रम्य (parikramya) - having circumambulated, having walked around

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root kram with prefix pari

Prefix: pari

Root: kram (class 1)

प्रदक्षिणम् (pradakṣiṇam) - clockwise, reverentially

(indeclinable)

Prefix pra + dakṣiṇa (right)

Note: Used adverbially

अथ (atha) - then, thereupon

(indeclinable)

अकरोत् (akarot) - he did, he made

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of kṛ

Imperfect 3rd Singular

Root kṛ, Pāṇinian dhātupāṭha 8U

Root: kṛ (class 8)

प्रणम्य (praṇamya) - having bowed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root nam with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: nam (class 1)

शिरसा (śirasā) - with the head

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of śiras

śiras - head

हृष्टः (hṛṣṭaḥ) - joyful, delighted

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hṛṣṭa

hṛṣṭa - joyful, delighted, excited, thrilled

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root hṛṣ

Root: hṛṣ (class 4)

जगृहे (jagṛhe) - he took, he grasped

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past perfect (lit) of grah

Perfect 3rd Singular (Middle)

Root grah, Pāṇinian dhātupāṭha 9P

Root: grah (class 9)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

परंतपः (paraṁtapaḥ) - tormentor of foes, a name for Arjuna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paraṃtapa

paraṁtapa - tormentor of foes, subduer of enemies

Compound of para (enemy) and tapa (one who burns/scorches)

Compound type : tatpurusha (para+tapa)

• para – enemy, hostile
  noun (masculine)
• tapa – scorcher, one who heats/burns
  noun (masculine/neuter)
  From root tap (1P)
  Root: tap (class 1)