महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-179, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
यदा निवृत्ता राजानो धनुषः सज्यकर्मणि ।
अथोदतिष्ठद्विप्राणां मध्याज्जिष्णुरुदारधीः ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
yadā nivṛttā rājāno dhanuṣaḥ sajyakarmaṇi ,
athodatiṣṭhadviprāṇāṁ madhyājjiṣṇurudāradhīḥ.

1. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca yadā nivṛttāḥ rājānaḥ dhanuṣaḥ
sajyakarmani atha udatiṣṭhat viprāṇām madhyāt jiṣṇuḥ udāradhīḥ

1. Vaiśampāyana said: When the kings had given up on the task of stringing the bow, then Arjuna (Jiṣṇu), the noble-minded, rose from among the Brahmins.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• यदा (yadā) - when, at which time

• निवृत्ताः (nivṛttāḥ) - given up (the task) (withdrawn, given up, ceased)

• राजानः (rājānaḥ) - kings, rulers

• धनुषः (dhanuṣaḥ) - of the bow

• सज्यकर्मनि (sajyakarmani) - in the attempt to string the bow (in the act of stringing)

• अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

• उदतिष्ठत् (udatiṣṭhat) - rose up, stood up, appeared

• विप्राणाम् (viprāṇām) - of the Brahmins, of the wise

• मध्यात् (madhyāt) - from the middle, from among

• जिष्णुः (jiṣṇuḥ) - Arjuna (epithet meaning 'victorious') (victorious, conqueror)

• उदारधीः (udāradhīḥ) - noble-minded, of great intelligence

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśampāyana (a sage, disciple of Vyāsa and narrator of the Mahābhārata)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

यदा (yadā) - when, at which time

(indeclinable)

निवृत्ताः (nivṛttāḥ) - given up (the task) (withdrawn, given up, ceased)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nivṛtta

nivṛtta - turned back, ceased, withdrawn, retired, desisted

Past Passive Participle

from root 'vṛt' (to turn, to exist) with prefix 'ni'

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'rājānaḥ'.

राजानः (rājānaḥ) - kings, rulers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

Note: Subject of the clause.

धनुषः (dhanuṣaḥ) - of the bow

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of dhanus

dhanus - bow, arc, weapon

Note: Governed by 'sajyakarmani' (the stringing *of the bow*).

सज्यकर्मनि (sajyakarmani) - in the attempt to string the bow (in the act of stringing)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of sajyakarman

sajyakarman - act of stringing (a bow)

Tatpurusha compound: 'sajya' (strung) + 'karman' (act)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sajya+karman)

• sajya – strung, having a bow-string
  adjective (neuter)
  Bahuvrīhi compound: 'sa' (with) + 'jyā' (bow-string)
• karman – act, deed, action, ritual (karma)
  noun (neuter)
  from root 'kṛ' (to do)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

(indeclinable)

उदतिष्ठत् (udatiṣṭhat) - rose up, stood up, appeared

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of utthā

Prefixes: ud+ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

विप्राणाम् (viprāṇām) - of the Brahmins, of the wise

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vipra

vipra - Brahmin, priest, inspired, wise, sage

Root: vip (class 1)

Note: Governed by 'madhyāt'.

मध्यात् (madhyāt) - from the middle, from among

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of madhya

madhya - middle, center, midst, intermediary

जिष्णुः (jiṣṇuḥ) - Arjuna (epithet meaning 'victorious') (victorious, conqueror)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jiṣṇu

jiṣṇu - victorious, triumphant; an epithet of Indra and Arjuna

from root 'ji' (to conquer)

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'udatiṣṭhat'.

उदारधीः (udāradhīḥ) - noble-minded, of great intelligence

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of udāradhī

udāradhī - noble-minded, high-minded, sagacious, intelligent

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'udāra' (noble) + 'dhī' (intellect)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (udāra+dhī)

• udāra – noble, generous, exalted, great, lofty
  adjective (masculine/neuter)
• dhī – intellect, understanding, thought, wisdom
  noun (feminine)
  from root 'dhyai' (to contemplate, to think)
  Root: dhyai (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'jiṣṇuḥ'.