महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-179, verse-13

ब्राह्मणो नावमन्तव्यः सद्वासद्वा समाचरन् ।
सुखं दुःखं महद्ध्रस्वं कर्म यत्समुपागतम् ॥१३॥

13. brāhmaṇo nāvamantavyaḥ sadvāsadvā samācaran ,
sukhaṁ duḥkhaṁ mahaddhrasvaṁ karma yatsamupāgatam.

13. brāhmaṇaḥ na avamantavyaḥ sat vā asat vā samācaran
sukham duḥkham mahat hrasvam karma yat samupāgatam

13. A Brahmin should not be disrespected, whether he performs actions that are good or bad, or whatever action (karma) has befallen him, be it pleasant or painful, great or small.

Words meanings summery:

• ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a Brahmin, one belonging to the priestly class

• न (na) - not

• अवमन्तव्यः (avamantavyaḥ) - to be disrespected, to be despised

• सत् (sat) - good, right, true, existing

• वा (vā) - or, either

• असत् (asat) - bad, evil, unreal, non-existent

• वा (vā) - or, either

• समाचरन् (samācaran) - performing, behaving, practicing

• सुखम् (sukham) - pleasure, happiness, ease; pleasant

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - pain, suffering, sorrow; painful

• महत् (mahat) - great, large, important, mighty

• ह्रस्वम् (hrasvam) - small, short, little

• कर्म (karma) - action or consequence of action that befalls one (action, deed, consequence, fate)

• यत् (yat) - which, whatever

• समुपागतम् (samupāgatam) - approached, reached, fallen to one's lot, befallen

Words meanings and morphology

ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a Brahmin, one belonging to the priestly class

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a Brahmin, one belonging to the priestly class, related to brahman

Derived from `brahman`.

Note: Subject of the sentence.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation particle.

अवमन्तव्यः (avamantavyaḥ) - to be disrespected, to be despised

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avamantavya

avamantavya - to be disrespected, to be despised, to be slighted

Gerundive

Gerundive from root `man` (to think, to regard) with prefix `ava`.

Prefix: ava

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Expresses obligation or prohibition ('should not be').

सत् (sat) - good, right, true, existing

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sat

sat - being, existing, good, virtuous, real, true

Present Active Participle

Present active participle of root `as` (to be).

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Used substantively as 'good (deed)'.

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

Note: Used for alternative.

असत् (asat) - bad, evil, unreal, non-existent

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of asat

asat - non-existent, unreal, bad, evil

Present Active Participle

Negative prefix `a-` + `sat` (present active participle of `as`).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+sat)

• a – not, un-, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• sat – being, existing, good, virtuous, real
  adjective (neuter)
  Present Active Participle
  Present active participle of root `as` (to be).
  Root: as (class 2)

Note: Used substantively as 'bad (deed)'.

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

Note: Used for alternative.

समाचरन् (samācaran) - performing, behaving, practicing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samācarat

samācarat - performing, behaving, practicing

Present Active Participle

Present active participle of root `car` (to move, to practice) with prefixes `sam-ā`.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `brāhmaṇaḥ`.

सुखम् (sukham) - pleasure, happiness, ease; pleasant

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - pleasure, happiness, ease; pleasant, happy

Note: Refers to the nature of `karma`.

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - pain, suffering, sorrow; painful

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - pain, suffering, sorrow, distress; painful, uneasy

Note: Refers to the nature of `karma`.

महत् (mahat) - great, large, important, mighty

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, important, mighty, exalted

Note: Agrees with `karma`.

ह्रस्वम् (hrasvam) - small, short, little

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of hrasva

hrasva - short, small, little, dwarfish

Note: Agrees with `karma`.

कर्म (karma) - action or consequence of action that befalls one (action, deed, consequence, fate)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of karma

karma - action, deed, work, ritual action, fate, consequence of actions

Derived from root `kṛ` (to do) + suffix `-man`.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Bracketed in translation.

यत् (yat) - which, whatever

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that (relative pronoun)

Note: Agrees with `karma`.

समुपागतम् (samupāgatam) - approached, reached, fallen to one's lot, befallen

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of samupāgata

samupāgata - approached, reached, obtained, happened, befallen

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root `gam` (to go) with prefixes `sam-upa-ā`.

Prefixes: sam+upa+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `karma`.