महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-14, verse-18

पञ्च वर्षशतान्यस्या यया विस्पर्धसे सह ।
एष च त्वां सुतो मातर्दास्यत्वान्मोक्षयिष्यति ॥१८॥

18. pañca varṣaśatānyasyā yayā vispardhase saha ,
eṣa ca tvāṁ suto mātardāsyatvānmokṣayiṣyati.

18. pañca varṣaśatāni asyāḥ yayā vispardhase saha
eṣaḥ ca tvām sutaḥ mātaḥ dāsyatvāt mokṣayiṣyati

18. For five hundred years, you shall remain (a slave) to her with whom you contend. And this son, O mother, will liberate you from servitude.

Words meanings summery:

• पञ्च (pañca) - five

• वर्षशतानि (varṣaśatāni) - five hundred years (hundreds of years)

• अस्याः (asyāḥ) - of her (Kadru, the rival) (of her, by her)

• यया (yayā) - with whom (by whom, with whom)

• विस्पर्धसे (vispardhase) - you contend, you rival

• सह (saha) - with (with, along with)

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (other son) (this, he)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• त्वाम् (tvām) - you (Vinata) (you (accusative singular))

• सुतः (sutaḥ) - (your) son (son)

• मातः (mātaḥ) - O mother

• दास्यत्वात् (dāsyatvāt) - from servitude (from servitude, from slavery)

• मोक्षयिष्यति (mokṣayiṣyati) - will release (will release, will free)

Words meanings and morphology

पञ्च (pañca) - five

(numeral)

Note: Plural adjective for varṣaśatāni.

वर्षशतानि (varṣaśatāni) - five hundred years (hundreds of years)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of varṣaśata

varṣaśata - hundred years

Compound: varṣa (year) + śata (hundred)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (varṣa+śata)

• varṣa – year, rain
  noun (neuter)
  From √vṛṣ (to rain)
  Root: vṛṣ (class 1)
• śata – hundred
  noun (neuter)

Note: Duration of time is in accusative.

अस्याः (asyāḥ) - of her (Kadru, the rival) (of her, by her)

(pronoun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Refers to the rival wife, Kadru.

यया (yayā) - with whom (by whom, with whom)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Relative pronoun

Note: Refers to the person with whom Vinata competes.

विस्पर्धसे (vispardhase) - you contend, you rival

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of spardh

Present tense (Laṭ)

From vi + √spardh (to contend). Laṭ, 2nd person singular, Ātmanepada.

Prefix: vi

Root: spardh (class 1)

Note: Refers to Vinata.

सह (saha) - with (with, along with)

(indeclinable)

Preposition/adverb, governs instrumental case.

Note: Used with 'yayā'.

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (other son) (this, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, he, she, it (proximate demonstrative)

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to the second son (Garuda), still in the egg.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

Note: Connects the two parts of the statement.

त्वाम् (tvām) - you (Vinata) (you (accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of tvad

tvad - you

Second person singular pronoun accusative form from tvam.

Note: Object of 'mokṣayiṣyati'.

सुतः (sutaḥ) - (your) son (son)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suta

suta - son, born, produced

past passive participle

From √sū (to beget, to produce) + kta suffix. Used as a noun.

Root: sū (class 2)

Note: Subject of 'mokṣayiṣyati'.

मातः (mātaḥ) - O mother

(noun)

Vocative, feminine, singular of mātṛ

mātṛ - mother

Note: Addressing Vinata.

दास्यत्वात् (dāsyatvāt) - from servitude (from servitude, from slavery)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of dāsyatva

dāsyatva - servitude, slavery, condition of being a slave

From dāsya (servitude) + tva (suffix for abstract noun).

Note: Indicates the source from which one is freed.

मोक्षयिष्यति (mokṣayiṣyati) - will release (will release, will free)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of muc

Causative Future (Lṛṭ)

From √muc (to release) with causative suffix -aya and future tense Lṛṭ, 3rd person singular.

Root: muc (class 6)

Note: Predicate verb.