महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-137, verse-18

विज्ञाय निशि पन्थानं नक्षत्रैर्दक्षिणामुखाः ।
यतमाना वनं राजन्गहनं प्रतिपेदिरे ॥१८॥

18. vijñāya niśi panthānaṁ nakṣatrairdakṣiṇāmukhāḥ ,
yatamānā vanaṁ rājangahanaṁ pratipedire.

18. vijñāya niśi panthānam nakṣatraiḥ dakṣiṇāmukhāḥ
yatamānāḥ vanam rājan gahanam pratipedire

18. Having discerned their path at night by means of the stars, and facing south, they diligently reached, O King, a dense forest.

Words meanings summery:

• विज्ञाय (vijñāya) - having known, having ascertained, having discerned

• निशि (niśi) - in the night, at night

• पन्थानम् (panthānam) - path, road, way

• नक्षत्रैः (nakṣatraiḥ) - by the stars, with the help of the stars

• दक्षिणामुखाः (dakṣiṇāmukhāḥ) - facing south, having the face turned to the south

• यतमानाः (yatamānāḥ) - diligently (striving, making effort, endeavoring)

• वनम् (vanam) - forest, wood

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• गहनम् (gahanam) - dense (dense, thick, impenetrable, deep)

• प्रतिपेदिरे (pratipedire) - they reached (they reached, they obtained, they entered)

Words meanings and morphology

विज्ञाय (vijñāya) - having known, having ascertained, having discerned

(indeclinable)

absolutive (indeclinable past participle)

Formed with prefix vi and suffix -ya

Prefix: vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

निशि (niśi) - in the night, at night

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of niś

niś - night

ś-stem feminine noun

Note: Adverbial use.

पन्थानम् (panthānam) - path, road, way

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of path

path - path, road, way

an-stem masculine noun, irregular declension

Note: Object of vijñāya.

नक्षत्रैः (nakṣatraiḥ) - by the stars, with the help of the stars

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of nakṣatra

nakṣatra - star, constellation, lunar mansion

a-stem neuter noun

Note: Instrument of vijñāya.

दक्षिणामुखाः (dakṣiṇāmukhāḥ) - facing south, having the face turned to the south

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dakṣiṇāmukha

dakṣiṇāmukha - facing south

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dakṣiṇā+mukha)

• dakṣiṇā – south, southern direction
  noun (feminine)
• mukha – face, mouth, front
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to the Pāṇḍavas.

यतमानाः (yatamānāḥ) - diligently (striving, making effort, endeavoring)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yat

yat - to strive, to endeavor, to make an effort

Present Middle Participle

Present, middle voice, nominative plural masculine of √yat

Root: yat (class 1)

Note: Agrees with the implicit subject (Pāṇḍavas).

वनम् (vanam) - forest, wood

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove

Note: Object of pratipedire.

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

n-stem masculine noun

गहनम् (gahanam) - dense (dense, thick, impenetrable, deep)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of gahana

gahana - dense, thick, impenetrable, deep, difficult to traverse

Root: gah (class 1)

प्रतिपेदिरे (pratipedire) - they reached (they reached, they obtained, they entered)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, perfect (liṭ) of pad

Perfect middle

Perfect, middle voice, 3rd person plural of √pad with prefix prati-

Prefix: prati

Root: pad (class 4)