महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-137, verse-10

श्रुत्वा तु धृतराष्ट्रस्तद्राजा सुमहदप्रियम् ।
विनाशं पाण्डुपुत्राणां विललाप सुदुःखितः ॥१०॥

10. śrutvā tu dhṛtarāṣṭrastadrājā sumahadapriyam ,
vināśaṁ pāṇḍuputrāṇāṁ vilalāpa suduḥkhitaḥ.

10. śrutvā tu dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ tat rājā sumahat apriyam
vināśam pāṇḍuputrāṇām vilalāpa suduḥkhitaḥ

10. When King Dhritarashtra heard that extremely unwelcome news about the demise of Pandu's sons, he lamented, greatly distressed.

Words meanings summery:

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, after hearing

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however, moreover

• धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhritarashtra

• तत् (tat) - referring to the unpleasant news (that)

• राजा (rājā) - king

• सुमहत् (sumahat) - very great, immense

• अप्रियम् (apriyam) - unwelcome news (unpleasant, unwelcome, disagreeable)

• विनाशम् (vināśam) - destruction, ruin, demise

• पाण्डुपुत्राणाम् (pāṇḍuputrāṇām) - of the sons of Pandu

• विललाप (vilalāpa) - lamented, wailed

• सुदुःखितः (suduḥkhitaḥ) - very distressed, greatly saddened

Words meanings and morphology

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, after hearing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed with suffix -tvā

Root: śru (class 5)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however, moreover

(indeclinable)

धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhritarashtra

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhritarashtra (name of a king, literally 'he who holds the kingdom')

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dhṛta+rāṣṭra)

• dhṛta – held, borne, maintained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root dhṛ + kta
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, country, realm
  noun (neuter)

तत् (tat) - referring to the unpleasant news (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, those

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj

सुमहत् (sumahat) - very great, immense

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sumahat

sumahat - very great, immense, extremely

Compound type : karmadharaya (su+mahat)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
• mahat – great, large, important
  adjective

Note: Qualifies 'apriyam'

अप्रियम् (apriyam) - unwelcome news (unpleasant, unwelcome, disagreeable)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of apriya

apriya - unpleasant, unwelcome, disagreeable

From a (negation) + priya (dear, pleasing)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+priya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• priya – dear, pleasing, beloved
  adjective
  Root: prī (class 9)

Note: Object of 'śrutvā'

विनाशम् (vināśam) - destruction, ruin, demise

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vināśa

vināśa - destruction, ruin, demise

From vi + naś

Prefix: vi

Root: naś (class 4)

Note: Object of 'śrutvā', describing the nature of the unwelcome news

पाण्डुपुत्राणाम् (pāṇḍuputrāṇām) - of the sons of Pandu

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pāṇḍuputra

pāṇḍuputra - son of Pandu

Compound type : tatpurusha (pāṇḍu+putra)

• pāṇḍu – Pandu (proper name)
  proper noun (masculine)
• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)

Note: Indicates possession or relation to 'vināśam'

विललाप (vilalāpa) - lamented, wailed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vilap

Perfect

3rd singular perfect active of root lap with prefix vi

Prefix: vi

Root: lap (class 1)

सुदुःखितः (suduḥkhitaḥ) - very distressed, greatly saddened

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suduḥkhita

suduḥkhita - very sad, greatly distressed, afflicted

From su (intensifier) + duḥkhita (saddened)

Compound type : karmadharaya (su+duḥkhita)

• su – very, greatly, well
  indeclinable
• duḥkhita – saddened, distressed, afflicted
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root duh + kta
  Root: duh (class 4)

Note: Qualifies Dhritarashtra