महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-137, verse-16

चुक्रुशुः कौरवाः सर्वे भृशं शोकपरायणाः ।
विदुरस्त्वल्पशश्चक्रे शोकं वेद परं हि सः ॥१६॥

16. cukruśuḥ kauravāḥ sarve bhṛśaṁ śokaparāyaṇāḥ ,
vidurastvalpaśaścakre śokaṁ veda paraṁ hi saḥ.

16. cukruśuḥ kauravāḥ sarve bhṛśam śokaparāyaṇāḥ
viduraḥ tu alpaśaḥ cakre śokam veda param hi saḥ

16. All the Kauravas, deeply immersed in grief, cried out loudly. Vidura, however, grieved very little, for he indeed knew the ultimate truth.

Words meanings summery:

• चुक्रुशुः (cukruśuḥ) - they cried, they wailed

• कौरवाः (kauravāḥ) - the Kauravas, descendants of Kuru

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, every

• भृशम् (bhṛśam) - loudly, intensely (greatly, very much, intensely)

• शोकपरायणाः (śokaparāyaṇāḥ) - deeply immersed in grief (devoted to grief, deeply immersed in sorrow)

• विदुरः (viduraḥ) - Vidura (proper name)

• तु (tu) - but, however, on the other hand

• अल्पशः (alpaśaḥ) - very little (little, slightly, in small measure)

• चक्रे (cakre) - he performed (grief), i.e., he grieved (he made, he performed, he did)

• शोकम् (śokam) - grief, sorrow

• वेद (veda) - he knew, he knows

• परम् (param) - the ultimate (truth/reality) (supreme, ultimate, highest)

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

Words meanings and morphology

चुक्रुशुः (cukruśuḥ) - they cried, they wailed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of kruś

Perfect active

Perfect, active voice, 3rd person plural of √kruś

Root: kruś (class 1)

कौरवाः (kauravāḥ) - the Kauravas, descendants of Kuru

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kaurava

kaurava - a descendant of Kuru; belonging to the Kuru clan

Note: Subject of cukruśuḥ.

सर्वे (sarve) - all, every

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Agrees with kauravāḥ.

भृशम् (bhṛśam) - loudly, intensely (greatly, very much, intensely)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb modifying cukruśuḥ.

शोकपरायणाः (śokaparāyaṇāḥ) - deeply immersed in grief (devoted to grief, deeply immersed in sorrow)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śokaparāyaṇa

śokaparāyaṇa - devoted to sorrow, given up to grief, deeply immersed in grief

Compound type : tatpurusha (śoka+parāyaṇa)

• śoka – grief, sorrow, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• parāyaṇa – chief object, ultimate end, devoted to, intent on
  adjective (neuter)
  Prefix: parā

Note: Agrees with kauravāḥ.

विदुरः (viduraḥ) - Vidura (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidura

vidura - Vidura (proper name, half-brother to Dhṛtarāṣṭra and Pāṇḍu)

Note: Subject of the second clause.

तु (tu) - but, however, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects contrasting ideas.

अल्पशः (alpaśaḥ) - very little (little, slightly, in small measure)

(indeclinable)

Formed with suffix -śaḥ from alpa

Note: Adverb modifying cakre śokam.

चक्रे (cakre) - he performed (grief), i.e., he grieved (he made, he performed, he did)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, aorist (liṭ) of kṛ

Aorist (reduplicated perfect)

Aorist, middle voice, 3rd person singular of √kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

शोकम् (śokam) - grief, sorrow

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śoka

śoka - grief, sorrow, lamentation

Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Object of cakre.

वेद (veda) - he knew, he knows

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (with present meaning) (liṭ) of vid

Perfect active

Perfect, active voice, 3rd person singular of √vid (class 2)

Root: vid (class 2)

परम् (param) - the ultimate (truth/reality) (supreme, ultimate, highest)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of para

para - supreme, ultimate, highest, greatest; other, distant

Note: Object of veda.

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Vidura.