महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-137, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
अथ रात्र्यां व्यतीतायामशेषो नागरो जनः ।
तत्राजगाम त्वरितो दिदृक्षुः पाण्डुनन्दनान् ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
atha rātryāṁ vyatītāyāmaśeṣo nāgaro janaḥ ,
tatrājagāma tvarito didṛkṣuḥ pāṇḍunandanān.

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca atha rātryām vyatītāyām aśeṣaḥ nāgaraḥ
janaḥ tatra ājagāma tvaritaḥ didṛkṣuḥ pāṇḍunandanān

1. Vaiśampāyana said: Then, after the night had passed, all the city dwellers quickly came there, desiring to see the sons of Pāṇḍu.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - The narrator of the Mahābhārata (Vaiśampāyana)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now, next

• रात्र्याम् (rātryām) - in the night

• व्यतीतायाम् (vyatītāyām) - having passed, elapsed, gone by

• अशेषः (aśeṣaḥ) - entire, all, without remainder

• नागरः (nāgaraḥ) - city dweller, citizen

• जनः (janaḥ) - people, person, populace

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• आजगाम (ājagāma) - came, arrived

• त्वरितः (tvaritaḥ) - quick, hurried, hastened

• दिदृक्षुः (didṛkṣuḥ) - desiring to see, wishing to look at

• पाण्डुनन्दनान् (pāṇḍunandanān) - the Pāṇḍavas (sons of Pāṇḍu)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - The narrator of the Mahābhārata (Vaiśampāyana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśampāyana (a sage, disciple of Vyāsa, narrator of the Mahābhārata)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect 3rd singular Parasmaipada, from root vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now, next

(indeclinable)

रात्र्याम् (rātryām) - in the night

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of rātri

rātri - night

व्यतीतायाम् (vyatītāyām) - having passed, elapsed, gone by

(adjective)

Locative, feminine, singular of vyatīta

vyatīta - passed, elapsed, gone by

Past Passive Participle

Root i (to go) with prefix vyati- (beyond, across, past), plus past passive participle suffix -ta.

Prefixes: vi+ati

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Past passive participle.

अशेषः (aśeṣaḥ) - entire, all, without remainder

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aśeṣa

aśeṣa - entire, all, complete, without remainder

From 'a' (not) and 'śeṣa' (remainder).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+śeṣa)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• śeṣa – remainder, rest
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śiṣ (class 7)

Note: Modifies 'janaḥ'.

नागरः (nāgaraḥ) - city dweller, citizen

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nāgara

nāgara - pertaining to a city; a city-dweller, citizen

Note: Modifies 'janaḥ'.

जनः (janaḥ) - people, person, populace

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jana

jana - person, people, man, creature

Note: Refers to the entire city populace.

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

आजगाम (ājagāma) - came, arrived

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of ā-gam

Perfect 3rd singular Parasmaipada, with prefix ā- (towards).

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

त्वरितः (tvaritaḥ) - quick, hurried, hastened

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tvarita

tvarita - quick, hurried, hastened, sped up

Past Passive Participle

From root tvar (to hurry) + kta suffix.

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Past passive participle.

दिदृक्षुः (didṛkṣuḥ) - desiring to see, wishing to look at

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of didṛkṣu

didṛkṣu - desiring to see, wishing to look at

desiderative participle

Desiderative stem of root dṛś (to see) + u suffix.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Desiderative participle.

पाण्डुनन्दनान् (pāṇḍunandanān) - the Pāṇḍavas (sons of Pāṇḍu)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍunandana

pāṇḍunandana - son of Pāṇḍu

Compound type : genitive tatpuruṣa (pāṇḍu+nandana)

• pāṇḍu – Pāṇḍu (father of the Pāṇḍavas)
  proper noun (masculine)
• nandana – son, child, delight
  noun (masculine)
  From root nand (to rejoice).
  Root: nand (class 1)

Note: Refers to the Pāṇḍavas.