महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-136, verse-16

तेन निद्रोपरोधेन साध्वसेन च पाण्डवाः ।
न शेकुः सहसा गन्तुं सह मात्रा परंतपाः ॥१६॥

16. tena nidroparodhena sādhvasena ca pāṇḍavāḥ ,
na śekuḥ sahasā gantuṁ saha mātrā paraṁtapāḥ.

16. tena nidrā-uparodhena sādhvasena ca pāṇḍavāḥ
na śekuḥ sahasā gantum saha mātrā parantapāḥ

16. Due to that obstruction of sleep and fear, the Pāṇḍavas, tormentors of foes, were not able to go quickly with their mother.

Words meanings summery:

• तेन (tena) - by that, due to that

• निद्रा-उपरोधेन (nidrā-uparodhena) - due to the obstruction of sleep, due to lack of sleep

• साध्वसेन (sādhvasena) - by fear, due to terror

• च (ca) - and, also

• पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pāṇḍavas

• न (na) - not, no

• शेकुः (śekuḥ) - they were able

• सहसा (sahasā) - quickly, suddenly, forcibly

• गन्तुम् (gantum) - to go, to proceed

• सह (saha) - with, together with

• मात्रा (mātrā) - with the mother

• परन्तपाः (parantapāḥ) - tormentors of foes, subduers of enemies

Words meanings and morphology

तेन (tena) - by that, due to that

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Qualifies 'nidrā-uparodhena'.

निद्रा-उपरोधेन (nidrā-uparodhena) - due to the obstruction of sleep, due to lack of sleep

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of nidrā-uparodha

nidrā-uparodha - obstruction of sleep, sleep deprivation

compound of 'nidrā' (sleep) and 'uparodha' (obstruction)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nidrā+uparodha)

• nidrā – sleep, slumber
  noun (feminine)
• uparodha – obstruction, impediment, hindrance, siege
  noun (masculine)
  from the root 'rudh' (to obstruct) with prefix 'upa'
  Prefix: upa
  Root: rudh (class 7)

साध्वसेन (sādhvasena) - by fear, due to terror

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of sādhvasa

sādhvasa - fear, terror, apprehension, alarm

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pāṇḍavas

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu

patronymic from Pāṇḍu

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation particle.

शेकुः (śekuḥ) - they were able

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of śak

Perfect tense, 3rd person plural

Root: śak (class 5)

सहसा (sahasā) - quickly, suddenly, forcibly

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial usage.

गन्तुम् (gantum) - to go, to proceed

(verb)

active, infinitive (tumun) of gam

infinitive

Infinitive from the root 'gam'

Root: gam (class 1)

सह (saha) - with, together with

(indeclinable)

Note: Governs the instrumental case.

मात्रा (mātrā) - with the mother

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of mātṛ

mātṛ - mother

Note: Used with 'saha'.

परन्तपाः (parantapāḥ) - tormentors of foes, subduers of enemies

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of parantapa

parantapa - tormentor of foes, subduer of enemies

compound of 'para' (foe) and 'tapa' (burning, tormenting)

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (para+tapa)

• para – other, enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)
• tapa – one who burns, torments, afflicts
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From the root 'tap' (to heat, torment)
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the Pāṇḍavas.