महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-135, verse-21

न चैनानन्वबुध्यन्त नरा नगरवासिनः ।
अन्यत्र विदुरामात्यात्तस्मात्खनकसत्तमात् ॥२१॥

21. na cainānanvabudhyanta narā nagaravāsinaḥ ,
anyatra vidurāmātyāttasmātkhanakasattamāt.

21. na ca enān anvabudhyanta narāḥ nagaravāsinaḥ
anyatra vidurāmātyāt tasmāt khanakasattamāt

21. And the city dwellers did not perceive them (enān), except for Vidura, the advisor (amātya), that excellent miner (khanakasattamāt).

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no, nor

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• एनान् (enān) - referring to the Pandavas (them, these (masculine))

• अन्वबुध्यन्त (anvabudhyanta) - they understood, they perceived, they knew

• नराः (narāḥ) - men, people, human beings

• नगरवासिनः (nagaravāsinaḥ) - city dwellers, inhabitants of the city

• अन्यत्र (anyatra) - elsewhere, in another place, except

• विदुरामात्यात् (vidurāmātyāt) - from Vidura, who held the position of an advisor. (from Vidura, the minister/advisor)

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - referring to Vidura (from him, from that, therefore)

• खनकसत्तमात् (khanakasattamāt) - from Vidura, who was an expert miner (from the best of miners, from the excellent miner)

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no, nor

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

एनान् (enān) - referring to the Pandavas (them, these (masculine))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of ena

ena - this, that, these, those

अन्वबुध्यन्त (anvabudhyanta) - they understood, they perceived, they knew

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of budh

Imperfect tense, 3rd person plural

Root budh (to know/perceive), with prefix anu, middle voice (ātmanepada) formation.

Prefix: anu

Root: budh (class 1)

नराः (narāḥ) - men, people, human beings

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nara

nara - man, person, human being

नगरवासिनः (nagaravāsinaḥ) - city dwellers, inhabitants of the city

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nagaravāsin

nagaravāsin - city dweller, inhabitant of a city

Compound of nagara (city) and vāsin (dwelling, inhabitant).

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (nagara+vāsin)

• nagara – city, town
  noun (neuter)
• vāsin – dwelling, residing, an inhabitant
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun (suffix -in)
  From root vas (to dwell) + -in suffix
  Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Here it functions as an adjective describing narāḥ or as a noun.

अन्यत्र (anyatra) - elsewhere, in another place, except

(indeclinable)

Derived from anya (other) + suffix tra (indicating place or exception)

विदुरामात्यात् (vidurāmātyāt) - from Vidura, who held the position of an advisor. (from Vidura, the minister/advisor)

(proper noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of vidurāmātya

vidurāmātya - Vidura, the minister/advisor

Tatpurusha compound: vidura (proper name) + amātya (minister/advisor).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (vidura+amātya)

• vidura – Vidura (proper name, a character in Mahabharata)
  proper noun (masculine)
• amātya – minister, counselor, advisor
  noun (masculine)

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - referring to Vidura (from him, from that, therefore)

(pronoun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

खनकसत्तमात् (khanakasattamāt) - from Vidura, who was an expert miner (from the best of miners, from the excellent miner)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of khanakasattama

khanakasattama - the best of miners, excellent miner

Tatpurusha compound: khanaka (miner) + sattama (best, most excellent).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (khanaka+sattama)

• khanaka – digger, miner, excavator
  noun (masculine)
  From root khan (to dig) + suffix -aka
  Root: khan (class 1)
• sattama – best, most excellent, most virtuous
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative suffix -tama