योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-7, chapter-54, verse-14

यदकारणकं भाति तदभातं भ्रमात्मकम् ।
भ्रमस्यासत्यरूपस्य सत्यता कथमुच्यते ॥ १४ ॥

yadakāraṇakaṃ bhāti tadabhātaṃ bhramātmakam ,
bhramasyāsatyarūpasya satyatā kathamucyate 14

14. yat akāraṇakam bhāti tat abhātam bhramātmakam
bhramasya asatyarūpasya satyatā katham ucyate

14. yat akāraṇakam bhāti tat abhātam bhramātmakam
asatyarūpasya bhramasya satyatā katham ucyate

14. That which appears to be without cause (akāraṇakam) is in reality unmanifest (abhātam) and of the nature of illusion (bhramātmakam). How can reality (satyatā) be attributed to an illusion (bhrama) that is by its very form inherently unreal?

Words meanings summery:

• यत् (yat) - that which (which, what, whatever)

• अकारणकम् (akāraṇakam) - without cause (akāraṇakam) (causeless, without a cause, non-causal)

• भाति (bhāti) - appears (shines, appears, seems)

• तत् (tat) - that (thing) (that, it)

• अभातम् (abhātam) - unmanifest (abhātam) (unmanifested, not appeared, not shining)

• भ्रमात्मकम् (bhramātmakam) - of the nature of illusion (bhramātmakam) (of the nature of illusion, illusory)

• भ्रमस्य (bhramasya) - of an illusion (bhrama) (of illusion, of error)

• असत्यरूपस्य (asatyarūpasya) - of that which is by its very form inherently unreal (of unreal nature, of untrue form)

• सत्यता (satyatā) - reality (satyatā) (reality, truthfulness, true nature)

• कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner, why)

• उच्यते (ucyate) - can be attributed, is said (is said, is called, is stated)

Words meanings and morphology

यत् (yat) - that which (which, what, whatever)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that, because, since

Note: Subject of the first clause.

अकारणकम् (akāraṇakam) - without cause (akāraṇakam) (causeless, without a cause, non-causal)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of akāraṇaka

akāraṇaka - causeless, without cause, non-causal

Compound of 'a' (negation) and 'kāraṇaka' (having a cause).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+kāraṇaka)

• a – not, non-, un-
  prefix
  Negative prefix.
• kāraṇaka – having a cause, causal
  adjective
  Derived from kāraṇa (cause) with suffix -ka.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

भाति (bhāti) - appears (shines, appears, seems)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhā

Root bhā (to shine).

Root: bhā (class 2)

तत् (tat) - that (thing) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it, he, she

Note: Subject of the second clause.

अभातम् (abhātam) - unmanifest (abhātam) (unmanifested, not appeared, not shining)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of abhāta

abhāta - not shining, not appearing, unmanifested

Past Passive Participle

From root bhā (to shine) with negative prefix 'a'.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+bhāta)

• a – not, non-, un-
  prefix
  Negative prefix.
• bhāta – shone, appeared, manifest
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root bhā (to shine).
  Root: bhā (class 2)

Note: Predicative use.

भ्रमात्मकम् (bhramātmakam) - of the nature of illusion (bhramātmakam) (of the nature of illusion, illusory)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhramātmaka

bhramātmaka - of the nature of illusion, illusory, consisting of error

Compound of bhrama (illusion) and ātmaka (having the nature of).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhrama+ātmaka)

• bhrama – illusion, error, delusion, wandering
  noun (masculine)
  From root bhram (to wander, to err).
  Root: bhram (class 1)
• ātmaka – consisting of, having the nature of, relating to the self (ātman)
  adjective
  Derived from ātman with suffix -ka.

Note: Predicative use.

भ्रमस्य (bhramasya) - of an illusion (bhrama) (of illusion, of error)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhrama

bhrama - illusion, error, delusion, wandering

From root bhram (to wander, to err).

Root: bhram (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'asatyarūpasya'.

असत्यरूपस्य (asatyarūpasya) - of that which is by its very form inherently unreal (of unreal nature, of untrue form)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of asatyarūpa

asatyarūpa - of unreal form, whose nature is unreality, having the form of untruth

Compound of 'a' (negation) and 'satya' (true) and 'rūpa' (form).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+satya+rūpa)

• a – not, non-, un-
  prefix
  Negative prefix.
• satya – true, real, truth
  adjective
  From root as (to be).
  Root: as (class 2)
• rūpa – form, nature, appearance, shape
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'bhramasya'.

सत्यता (satyatā) - reality (satyatā) (reality, truthfulness, true nature)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of satyatā

satyatā - reality, truthfulness, the state of being true/real

Derived from satya (true) with suffix -tā (abstract noun suffix).

Note: Subject of 'ucyate'.

कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner, why)

(indeclinable)

Formed from 'kim' (what) with suffix -tham.

Note: Modifies 'ucyate'.

उच्यते (ucyate) - can be attributed, is said (is said, is called, is stated)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of vac

Passive voice, present tense, third person singular of root vac (to speak). The root undergoes vṛddhi and guṇa changes and takes suffix -yate.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: The subject is 'satyatā'.