योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-5, verse-5

यतो वाचो निवर्तन्ते यो मुक्तैरवगम्यते ।
यस्य चात्मादिकाः संज्ञाः कल्पिता न स्वभावजाः ॥ ५ ॥

yato vāco nivartante yo muktairavagamyate ,
yasya cātmādikāḥ saṃjñāḥ kalpitā na svabhāvajāḥ 5

5. yataḥ vācaḥ nivartante yaḥ muktaiḥ avagamyate
yasya ca ātmādikāḥ saṃjñāḥ kalpitāḥ na svabhāvajāḥ

5. yataḥ vācaḥ nivartante ca yaḥ muktaiḥ avagamyate yasya
ātmādikāḥ saṃjñāḥ na svabhāvajāḥ (api tu) kalpitāḥ

5. From which words turn back (unable to describe it), and which is apprehended by those who are liberated. All its designations, such as 'Self' (ātman) and others, are merely conceptualized, not arising from its intrinsic nature (svabhāva).

Words meanings summery:

• यतः (yataḥ) - from which, whence, because

• वाचः (vācaḥ) - words, speech, voices

• निवर्तन्ते (nivartante) - Here, words "turn back" meaning they are unable to describe or grasp the Supreme Reality. (they turn back, they retreat, they return)

• यः (yaḥ) - Refers to the Supreme Being. (who, which)

• मुक्तैः (muktaiḥ) - By those who have attained liberation (mokṣa). (by liberated ones, by freed ones)

• अवगम्यते (avagamyate) - is understood, is apprehended, is known

• यस्य (yasya) - Refers to the Supreme Being. (whose, of which)

• च (ca) - and, also

• आत्मादिकाः (ātmādikāḥ) - Refers to conceptual designations or names given to the Supreme Being. (beginning with ātman, etc., such as ātman)

• संज्ञाः (saṁjñāḥ) - names, designations, concepts, terms

• कल्पिताः (kalpitāḥ) - These designations are "conceptualized" or mentally constructed, not inherent. (imagined, fabricated, conceptualized, artificial)

• न (na) - not, no

• स्वभावजाः (svabhāvajāḥ) - born of its own nature, inherent, natural

Words meanings and morphology

यतः (yataḥ) - from which, whence, because

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form derived from 'yad' (which)

Note: Refers to the Supreme Being.

वाचः (vācaḥ) - words, speech, voices

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of vāc

vāc - word, speech, voice, language

Note: Subject of 'nivartante'.

निवर्तन्ते (nivartante) - Here, words "turn back" meaning they are unable to describe or grasp the Supreme Reality. (they turn back, they retreat, they return)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of nivṛt

Present Indicative

From ni + √vṛt (to turn). Third person plural, Ātmanepada, Lat (Present Indicative)

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

यः (yaḥ) - Refers to the Supreme Being. (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Subject of 'avagamyate'.

मुक्तैः (muktaiḥ) - By those who have attained liberation (mokṣa). (by liberated ones, by freed ones)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of mukta

mukta - liberated, freed, released

Past Passive Participle

From √muc (to release, free)

Root: muc (class 6)

Note: Agent of the passive verb 'avagamyate'.

अवगम्यते (avagamyate) - is understood, is apprehended, is known

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of avagam

Present Indicative Passive

From ava + √gam (to go). Third person singular, Ātmanepada, Lat (Present Indicative), Passive voice.

Prefix: ava

Root: gam (class 1)

यस्य (yasya) - Refers to the Supreme Being. (whose, of which)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Possessive, referring to the Supreme Being.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

Note: Connects the two clauses.

आत्मादिकाः (ātmādikāḥ) - Refers to conceptual designations or names given to the Supreme Being. (beginning with ātman, etc., such as ātman)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of ātmādika

ātmādika - beginning with the Self (ātman), etc.

Compound of 'ātman' (self) and 'ādika' (beginning with). Feminine plural.

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (ātman+ādika)

• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essential nature
  noun (masculine)
• ādika – beginning with, and so on, etc.
  adjective (feminine)

Note: Qualifies 'saṃjñāḥ'.

संज्ञाः (saṁjñāḥ) - names, designations, concepts, terms

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of saṃjñā

saṁjñā - name, designation, concept, technical term, consciousness

From sam + √jñā (to know)

Prefix: sam

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Subject of the second clause.

कल्पिताः (kalpitāḥ) - These designations are "conceptualized" or mentally constructed, not inherent. (imagined, fabricated, conceptualized, artificial)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of kalpita

kalpita - imagined, fabricated, created, artificial, conceptualized

Past Passive Participle

From √kḷp (to arrange, fashion, create)

Root: kḷp (class 10)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'saṃjñāḥ'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Negative particle

Note: Negates 'svabhāvajāḥ'.

स्वभावजाः (svabhāvajāḥ) - born of its own nature, inherent, natural

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of svabhāvajā

svabhāvajā - born of one's own nature, natural, inherent

Compound of 'svabhāva' (own nature) and 'ja' (born). Feminine plural.

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (svabhāva+ja)

• svabhāva – own nature, inherent disposition, intrinsic character
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of 'sva' (own) and 'bhāva' (being, nature)
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (feminine)
  derived from √jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'saṃjñāḥ'.