योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-1, chapter-16, verse-4

नित्यमेव मुने शून्यं कदाशावागुरावृतम् ।
न मनो निवृतिं याति मृगो यूथादिव च्युतः ॥ ४ ॥

nityameva mune śūnyaṃ kadāśāvāgurāvṛtam ,
na mano nivṛtiṃ yāti mṛgo yūthādiva cyutaḥ 4

4. nityam eva mune śūnyam kadāśāvāgurāvṛtam na
manaḥ nivṛtim yāti mṛgaḥ yūthāt iva cyutaḥ

4. O sage, the mind, perpetually vacant and ensnared by unwholesome desires, does not find peace, much like a deer separated from its herd.

Words meanings summery:

• नित्यम् (nityam) - always, perpetually

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, very

• मुने (mune) - O sage

• शून्यम् (śūnyam) - empty, vacant, desolate

• कदाशावागुरावृतम् (kadāśāvāgurāvṛtam) - enveloped by the snare of evil desires

• न (na) - not

• मनः (manaḥ) - mind

• निवृतिम् (nivṛtim) - cessation, peace, tranquility

• याति (yāti) - goes, attains

• मृगः (mṛgaḥ) - deer, animal

• यूथात् (yūthāt) - from the herd, from the flock

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• च्युतः (cyutaḥ) - separated, fallen, deviated

Words meanings and morphology

नित्यम् (nityam) - always, perpetually

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial usage.

एव (eva) - indeed, only, very

(indeclinable)

मुने (mune) - O sage

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of muni

muni - sage, ascetic, recluse

Root: man (class 4)

शून्यम् (śūnyam) - empty, vacant, desolate

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śūnya

śūnya - empty, void, vacant, null

Note: Predicative adjective for 'manaḥ'.

कदाशावागुरावृतम् (kadāśāvāgurāvṛtam) - enveloped by the snare of evil desires

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kadāśāvāgurāvṛta

kadāśāvāgurāvṛta - covered by the trap of bad desires, ensnared by unwholesome desires

Compound type : tatpurusha (kadāśā+vāgurā+āvṛta)

• kadāśā – evil desire, bad hope
  noun (feminine)
• vāgurā – snare, trap, net
  noun (feminine)
• āvṛta – covered, enveloped, surrounded
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'vṛ' (to cover) with prefix 'ā'.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Predicative adjective for 'manaḥ'.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

मनः (manaḥ) - mind

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, intellect, heart, consciousness

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

निवृतिम् (nivṛtim) - cessation, peace, tranquility

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nivṛti

nivṛti - cessation, discontinuation, peace, tranquility

Derived from ni-vṛt (to cease, turn back).

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Object of 'yāti'.

याति (yāti) - goes, attains

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of yā

Present Active Indicative

Root: yā (class 2)

मृगः (mṛgaḥ) - deer, animal

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mṛga

mṛga - deer, wild animal, beast

Note: Subject of the simile.

यूथात् (yūthāt) - from the herd, from the flock

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of yūtha

yūtha - herd, flock, multitude

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

च्युतः (cyutaḥ) - separated, fallen, deviated

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of cyuta

cyuta - fallen, deviated, separated

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'cyu' (to move, fall).

Root: cyu (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'mṛgaḥ'.

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